@article{nokey,

title = { Slaver og ikke-europeiske tjenestefolk i Danmark og Norge på 1700- og begynnelsen av 1800-tallet},

author = {Hanne Østhus},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = { Arbeiderhistorie},

volume = {22},

pages = {33-47},

abstract = {The article examines the situation of slaves and former slaves who were brought, presumably by force, from Africa, Asia and America to the European part of Denmark-Norway during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to work as domestic servants in households. Based on source material from servant reward societies, censuses, newspapers and court cases, it is argued that state and society utilised a number of strategies to classify and categorise slaves and former slaves.

},

keywords = {19th century, denmark, domestic service, early modern history, norway, service, slavery},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Činovnici u okupiranoj Srbiji 1941-1944 [Civil Servants in Occupied Serbia 1941-1944]},

author = {Nataša Milićević},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Istorija },

volume = {20},

pages = {69-86},

abstract = {This article explores factors which influenced changes of interwar position and status of civil servants under German occupation. Particular focus is on the “world of labor”, working conditions, and all forms of coercion by occupiers and collaborators authorities. The other topic is impact of small and insufficient salaries upon new forms of formal and informal jobs.

},

keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, civil servants, serbia},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Of Firms and Captives: Railway Infrastructures and the Economics of Forced Labour (Spain, 1937-1957)},

author = {Fernando Mendiola},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Revista de Historia Industrial},

issue = {68},

pages = {165-192},

abstract = {This article deals with the main economic keys that explain the evolution in the deployment of prisoners and prisoners of war on extending and reconstructing the railways. The first part presents a list of the works carried out during the Spanish civil war and the Francoist dictatorship. Subsequently, an analysis is made of the three main variables of work according to institutional change and the business structure of the Spanish railway.

},

keywords = {20th century, convict labour, fascism, forced labour, spain},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {An Old Poor Law on the Continent? Agrarian Capitalism, Poor Taxes, and Village Conflict in Eighteenth-Century Coastal Flanders},

author = {Thijs Lambrecht and Anne Winter},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Economic History Review},

volume = {71},

issue = {4},

pages = {1173-1198},

abstract = {Poor relief provisions in early modern Europe are often considered to have been characterized by a divide between a uniform, compulsory, tax‐based, and relatively secure and generous poor law ‘system’ in England, and the more haphazard, voluntary, relatively parsimonious, insecure, and predominantly urban relief practices on the Continent. In this article we challenge these assumptions by arguing that the spread of agrarian capitalism in coastal Flanders fostered a reorganization of poor relief that displayed many features considered unique to the English old poor law, including the levying of poor taxes. By exploring the introduction, diffusion, and effects of poor taxes in the rural district of Furnes in the second half of the eighteenth century, we demonstrate that poor taxes were not unique to England, and sharpen our comparative understanding of the causes, implications, and conflicts associated with this particular way of raising revenue for the poor. This supports our more general contention that the influence of the normative framework should not be overstated: more than differences in legislation, similarities in socio‐economic development can explain variations in relief practices in preindustrial Europe.



},

keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, economic and social policy, flanders},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Harvest Work and Labor Market Regulation in Old Regime Northern France},

author = {Thijs Lambrecht},

editor = {Thomas Max Safley },

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

booktitle = {Labor Before the Industrial Revolution: Work, Technology and Their Ecologies in an Age of Early Capitalism},

pages = {113-131},

keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, france, labour markets},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Periphery Revisited: Polish Post-war Historiography on the Working Class and the New Global Labour History},

author = {Natalia Jarska},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {European Review of History},

volume = {25},

issue = {1},

pages = {45-60},

abstract = {After 1945, Polish historiography was circumscribed by political and ideological considerations; however – except during the brief Stalinist period (1951–56) – Marxist methodology was not imposed or applied uncritically. In fact, discussions about the role of the working class in history that began after 1956 generated research interest in new groups of workers and labour relations. Much of this research concerns recently highlighted aspects of labour history, such as marginal groups of workers or free versus unfree labour.

},

keywords = {central and eastern europe, global labour history, historiography, poland, socialism, working class},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Trabalho Escravo im Amazonasgebiet: Peripherisierung, unfreie Arbeit und Weltmarkt},

author = {Julia Harnoncourt},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Zeitschrift für Weltgeschichte},

volume = {19},

issue = {2},

pages = {315-336},

abstract = {This article puts trabalho escravo (unfree labour), defined by Brazilian law since 1995, into the scheme of peripheral labour relations, and tries to find out how much they coincide, and weather this kind of forced labour is to be seen as a typical or an atypical form of labour in the peripheral regions under capitalism, and how Brazil and Pará fit into the centre-periphery model.

},

keywords = {brazil, contemporary, forced labour, globalisation, latin america},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Modern Slavery, Unfree Labour and the Labour Market: The Social Dynamics of Legal Characterization},

author = {Judy Fudge},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Social and Legal Studies},

volume = {27},

issue = {4},

pages = {413-434},

abstract = {Treating the United Kingdom’s Modern Slavery Act as its focus, this article examines what the legal characterization of labour unfreedom reveals about the underlying conception of the labour market that informs contemporary approaches to labour law in the United Kingdom. It discusses how unfree labour is conceptualized within two key literatures – Marxist-inspired political economy and liberal approaches to modern slavery – and their underlying assumptions of the labour market and how it operates. As an alternative to these depictions of the labour market, it proposes a legal institutionalist or constitutive account. It develops an approach to legal characterization and jurisdiction that is attentive to modes of governing and the role of political and legal differentiation both in producing labour exploitation and unfree labour and in developing strategies for its elimination. It argues that the problem with the modern slavery approach to unfree labour is that it tends to displace labour law as the principal remedy to the problem of labour abuse and exploitation, while simultaneously reinforcing the idea that flexible labour markets of the type that prevails in the United Kingdom are realms of labour freedom.

},

keywords = {capitalism, contemporary, labour markets, marxism, slavery, united kingdom},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {No Water for the Poor: The Roma Ethnic Minority and Local Governance},

author = {Richard Filčák and Marek Szilvasi and Daniel Škobla},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},

volume = {41},

issue = {7},

pages = {1390-1407},

abstract = {This article contributes to the emerging critiques of inequalities in the access to water by focusing on three inter-related aspects: affordability, accessibility and quality of water. Based on extensive fieldwork, the paper explores the situation in segregated Roma settlements in Slovakia and highlights the critical role of power asymmetries at a local level. It builds a conceptual framework using Bourdieu’s notions of “social field”, “habitus”, “doxa”, and “capital”, highlighting the central role of power asymmetries at a local level. Insights are drawn on how dominantly positioned social actors command decision-making regarding water supply, and how social hierarchies, inequalities and the “positionality” of Roma as a marginalized group are functional to the lack of political will to address insufficient water access for Roma in any efficient manner.



},

keywords = {contemporary, infrastructure, roma, slovakia, sociology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Tko se buni pod Susedgradom i Stubicom? Prilog proučavanju društvenih nemira 1565.–1573. [Who is rebelling at Susedgrad and Stubica? Contribution to the research of the 1565–1573 peasant revolts]},

author = {Branimir Brgles},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Povijesni priloz},

volume = {55},

pages = {139-204},

keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, croatia, early modern history, revolt and revolution},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Más Allá de la Aljama: Comunidades Musulmanas bajo el Dominio de la Orden de Calatrava en Castilla},

author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {En la España Medieval},

volume = {41},

pages = {9-22},

abstract = {This article examines Muslims who lived under the rule of the military Order of Calatrava in Medieval Castile. Recent studies have shown that the presence of Muslims in the lands administered by this military order was more complex and varied than it had been previously suspected, and that it goes beyond slaves and aljamas. As a consequence, new questions must be posed as to how Muslim rural communities in these lands were framed by Christian authorities both to collect the revenue they created and regarding other aspects of everyday life.},

keywords = {medieval history, military, muslims, religion, spain},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A Reassessment of the Role of Guild Courts in Disputes over Apprenticeship Contracts: A Case Study from Early Modern Italy},

author = {Andrea Caracausi},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-09-01},

journal = {Continuity and Change},

volume = {32},

issue = {1},

pages = {85-114},

abstract = {This article analyses the mechanisms of conflict resolution in apprenticeship contracts using a large database of disputes from early modern Italy. It investigates topics like recruitment, enforcement, violence, coercion, exit, and power relations within manufactures.

},

keywords = {apprenticeship, early modern history, italy, quantitative research, work contracts},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {What “Development” Does to Work},

author = {Benedetta Rossi},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-02-01},

journal = {International Labor and Working Class},

issue = {92},

abstract = {This article introduces a special issue on ‘Developmentalism, Labor, and the Slow Death of Slavery in Twentieth Century Africa’ guest-edited by Benedetta Rossi. It argues that by mobilizing the idea of development, both colonial and independent African governments were able to continue recruiting unpaid (or underpaid) labor—relabeled as “voluntary participation,” “self-help,” or “human investment” —after the passing of the ILO’s Forced Labor Convention in 1930. I ask what happens to our understanding of development if we focus not on the developers-beneficiaries dyad, but rather on employers-employees. Doing so opens up a renewed research agenda on the consequences of “aid” both for development workers (those formally employed by development institutions) and for so-called beneficiaries (those whose participation in development is represented as conducive to their own good).

},

keywords = {20th century, africa, development, international organisations},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A new revolutionary practice: operaisti and the 'refusal of work' in 1970's Italy},

author = {Nico Pizzolato},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Estudos Históricos},

abstract = {The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class.

},

keywords = {20th century, italy, labour movements, revolt and revolution},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The IWW in Turin: “Militant History,” Workers’ Struggle, and the Crisis of Fordism in 1970s Italy},

author = {Nico Pizzolato},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {International Labor and Working Class History},

volume = {91},

pages = {109-126},

abstract = {This article analyses how in the 1970s a segment of Italian radical activists belonging to the tradition of operaismo (workerism) appropriated and interrogated the history of the International Workers of the World (IWW) using it as a tool of political intervention in the Italian context. Following the upheaval of the ‘Hot Autumn’, the IWW provided to the Italians an inspiring comparison with a militant labour organisation in times of changing composition of the working class and of transformation of the organisation of production. The importance of this political use of the past lies in the way it illuminates the particular context in which these activists operated. In the course of the 1970s, Italian radicals responded to the normalization of industrial relations by joining groups that endorsed a political line tinted with Leninism and advocated a revolution led by a vanguard of militants. This was in contrast to the tenets of shopfloor-centered strategy and grassroots and shopfloor participation typical of operaismo. The – eventually – failed attempt of the ‘militant historians’ to revive, through their distinctive interpretation of the IWW, that political tradition sheds light on the success of the backlash against shopfloor working class militancy at the end of the decade, when vanguard groups had become marginal in the factories and reformist unions lacked a political clout to oppose company restructuring and relocation. This article is based on articles, memoirs and interviews that are evidence of the politically-driven debate about the IWW among Italian radicals. It improves on the existing historiography of the Italian labour movement by resisting its teleological impulse to explain the backlash on the 1980s as an inevitable outcome. It also contributes to the burgeoning transnational labor historiography; it challenges methodological nationalism in the study of workers’ insurgency by charting the influence of US history far beyond its borders and across time, adopting a transnational approach that is, unusually, both geographical and a diachronic. This story tells us more about Italian history than it does about American history, but it is testimony to a far reaching influence of American history and to entanglements that crossed borders through the work of the activists, scholars, and translators who acted as transnational vehicles of ideas and political practices.

},

keywords = {20th century, fordism, italy, labour movements},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Die Gefängnisindustrie in den USA: Zur Verschränkung von Arbeits-, Wohlfahrts- und Strafregimen im Neoli­beralismus [The prison industry in the USA: About the entanglement of regimes of work, welfare and punishment in neoliberalism]},

author = {Klaus Weber},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Kritische Justiz},

volume = {50},

issue = {2},

pages = {187-194},

keywords = {contemporary, convict labour, economic and social policy, neoliberalism, punishment, social control, united states},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Ett normalt undantag? Tillfälligt arbete i lag och praktik i 1800-talets Island},

author = {Vilhelm Vilhelmsson},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Arbetarhistoria },

volume = {41},

issue = {3-4},

pages = {32-40},

abstract = {This article discusses the ambiguous status and role of casual day labourers in nineteenth century Iceland and argues that masterless casual day labour was a “normal exception” in many localities, accepted as an economic necessity and cultural norm despite being illegal and frowned upon in public discourse. The article highlights the important distinction between normative prescription and everyday practice.},

keywords = {early modern history, iceland, scandinavia, wage labour},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Equality of Women’s Economic Status? A Major Bone of Contention in the International Gender Politics Emerging During the Interwar Period},

author = {Susan Zimmermann},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {The International History Review},

volume = {41},

issue = {1},

pages = {200-227},

abstract = {This study brings together the often disparate scholarship on the League of Nations and the ILO. It follows the interactions between the League, women internationalists, and the ILO, which evolved around the question of woman-specific labor legislation and the equality of women's status. These interactions resulted in a broadening mandate of international gender policies while deepening the institutional and legal distinction between women's ‘political and civil’ as opposed to their ‘economic’ status. The ILO insisted on certain forms of women-specific labor regulation as a means of conjoining progressive gender and class politics, and was anxious to ensure its competence in all matters concerning women's economic status. The gender equality doctrine gaining ground in the League was rooted in a liberal-feminist paradigm which rejected the association of gender politics with such class concerns, and indeed aimed to force back the ILO's politics of gender-specific international labor standards. As a result of the widening divide between the women's policies of the League and the ILO, the international networks of labor women reduced their engagement with women's activism at the League. The developments of the 1930s deepened the tension between liberal feminism and feminisms engaging with class inequalities, and would have problematic long-term consequences for international gender politics.



},

keywords = {20th century, feminism, gender, international organisations, labour movements},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Military Education for Non-Military Purposes: Economic and Social Governing Projects Targeting Conscripts in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden},

author = {Fia Sundevall},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {History of Education Review},

volume = {46},

issue = {1},

pages = {58-71},

abstract = {The article explores mandatory military service – a means to recruit and train male citizens for military labour through force – as a tool and arena for solving various social and economic problems such as mass unemployment, alcohol abuse, and elementary education deficiencies, as well as shortages of skilled personnel in particular branches of great importance for the nation’s economy.

},

keywords = {20th century, economic and social policy, education, military, scandinavia, social control, sweden},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage: Le droit colonial, la Société des Nations et la résistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920-1930},

author = {Benedetta Rossi},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Annales (Histoire, Sciences Sociales)},

volume = {72},

issue = {4},

pages = {983-1021},

abstract = {This article argues that legal abolition is not enough to end slavery: laws must be enforced to create conditions in which those most vulnerable will feel able to safely take action against slavers. It shows that emancipation in the West African Sahel was initially propelled in the 1920s by the establishment of international surveillance mechanisms with the power to (de-)legitimize colonial rule at a time when no one was actively seeking to end slavery in this region, in spite of slavery having been legally abolished since 1905. The first half of the paper focuses on the ambiguities of European abolitionism and the interconnections between the League of Nations, France, and French administrators on the ground. The second half of the paper develops a micro-analysis of slave resistance, showing how enslaved and trafficked young women took advantage of international anti-slavery to incriminate slaveholders.

},

keywords = {20th century, abolition, africa, slavery},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Urban Refugees: Fugitive Slaves and Spaces of Informal Freedom in the American South, 1800-1860},

author = {Damian Alan Pargas},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Early American History},

volume = {7},

issue = {3},

pages = {262-284},

abstract = {This article examines the experiences of runaway slaves who fled to urban areas within the American South, rather than to free-soil states and territories in North America. By utilizing free black social networks, changing their names and appearances, and procuring forged free papers just in case they were stopped by authorities, they managed to forge clandestine lives of informal freedom right in the heart of the slaveholding South.

},

keywords = {19th century, slavery, united kingdom},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Tvunget til tjeneste? Tjenesteplikten i Danmark-Norge på 1700-tallet og begynnelsen av 1800-tallet},

author = {Hanne Østhus},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Arbetarhistoria},

issue = {3-4},

pages = {26-31},

abstract = {In the article, I look at the legal obligation to work as household servants in Denmark-Norway during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Large parts of the population were subject to this legislation, but the enforcement of the law varied considerably.

},

keywords = {denmark, early modern history, household, norway, service},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = { Razvoj institucije imuniteta u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi do kraja vladavine kralja Milutina [Development of the Institution of Immunity in the Serbian Medieval State Until the End of Reign of King Milutin]},

author = {Miloš Ivanović },

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Istorijski časopis },

volume = {LXVI},

pages = {49-83},

abstract = {Groundbreaking period in the development of immunity was reign of King Milutin (1282–1321). In his charters he freed monastery’s possessions from “all kinds of labor, small and great”. In that manner, he gave to these properties complete tax exemption. Also, he forbade to his official and noblemen to threaten financial and judicial immunity of monasteries. It seems that the king still kept the right to judge in certain cases such as murder, infidelity, rape of girls and takeover men and horses. At that time the Byzantine holders also received broad immunity rights.

},

keywords = {central and eastern europe, medieval history, serbia},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Sin, Slave Status and the City in Zanzibar, 1864-c.1930},

author = {Michelle Greenfield-Liebst},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {African Studies Review},

volume = {60},

pages = {139-60},

abstract = {Missionaries believed that being an ex-slave or descendant of ex-slave went hand with urbanity and moral contagion. As far as the ex-slaves were concerned, the growing commercial centre of Zanzibar, and the coastal cultures it was associated with, were not only enticing, but crucial to social and economic mobility. Thus, though livelihoods could be found at the mission, young and able workers looked to the town to increase their chances of survival.

},

keywords = {19th century, 20th century, africa, christianity, slavery, Zanzibar},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Unholy Alliances? Language Exams, Loyalty, and Identification in Interwar Romania},

author = {Gábor Egry },

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Slavic Review},

volume = {76},

issue = {4},

pages = {959-982},

abstract = {This article analyses national loyalty and identification by examining the language exams administered to minority public officials in Romania in 1934 and 1935. The exams aimed at testing officials’ knowledge of the state language, but given the broader political context they were more than a survey of linguistic skills, and the political goal was to reduce their number. Examinees were singled out as non-Romanian and subjected to an additional requirement not demanded from their ethnic Romanian colleagues, interpreting the use of the official language as a sign of loyalty. Drawing upon theories of loyalty as a historical concept, the paper analyzes how the particular situation of minority public officials was reflected in these texts and how they created a specific identification for themselves, composed of important elements of their minority ethnicity but also expressing their identification with the state and its modernizing goals as members of a unified, professional public body. The language exams signaled the emergence of a specific category of minority public servants who were part of both the minority group and the middle-class functionaries of the Romanian state. Nationalist public discourse on both sides – Romanian and minority – have denied and erased the history of these hybrid loyalties and identities, but the languages exams help us to recover them.

},

keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, nation state, romania},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Montenegrin entrepreneurs’ material position and their self-assessment of business success},

author = {Goran Ćeranić},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Социологические исследования. Руска академија наук},

volume = {4},

pages = {116-121},

abstract = {No matter what the trends are, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs emerge as a response to the current historical developmental requirements. As an old, but still current business philosophy, entrepreneurship gets “activated” both in the developed market economies as well as in the transitioning ones. In Montenegro, this issue has been particularly important. For a number of years a specific entrepreneurial activity went on caused by our country’s delicate position, which further influenced the slow development of entrepreneurial sector in comparison to other Eastern European countries. In addition to analyzing the material position of entrepreneurial group in the socialist era, we have tried to determine to what extent this group has changed in the post-socialist period. It is obvious that this era has seen a rise in the economic power of entrepreneurs and their material standards, therefore, these issues will be the main subject of this work.

},

keywords = {20th century, business history, central and eastern europe, montenegro, socialism},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Transforming Labour: From the Workers’ State to the Post-Socialist Re-Organization of Industry and Workplace Communities: Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary)},

author = {Eszter Bartha },

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte},

volume = {58},

issue = {2},

pages = {413-438},

abstract = {The article shows that working-class resentment at the inequalities of neoliberal capitalism can be easily channeled into a right-wing, nationalistic discourse – especially in the absence of any other credible narrative. In Germany, the political left has a much more powerful public presence and media coverage than in Hungary; indeed, the terms that East German workers used for the description of the new, capitalist society might have been borrowed from the media. In Hungary, workers experienced a dramatic decline in the symbolic capital of the “working class” alongside the drop in material rewards, which was all the more painful in comparison to the income of the members of the new elite. They also complained about the loss of the old social networks and a sense of social isolation. All these factors provide a “hotbed” for the rise of (new) ethnic communities so long as there are no alternative means for the “re-conquest” of workers’ symbolic capital.

},

keywords = {germany, hungary, neoliberalism, post-socialism, symbolic capital, working class},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = { Infrastructure in Marginalised Roma Settlements: Towards a Typology of Unequal Outcomes of EU Funded Projects},

author = {Daniel Škobla and Richard Filčák},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Sociológia},

volume = {48},

number = {6},

pages = {620-640},

abstract = {Although a substantial number of infrastructure projects funded from EU funds were implemented to address labour market participation and living conditions of Roma/Gypsy, the outcomes had been inconclusive. In this paper the authors suggest that significant factors affecting the outcomes of EU projects aimed at Roma/Gypsy are structural conditions, power asymmetries, and rooted social practices at the local level. Employing P. Bourdieu’s conceptual framework and building on extensive fieldwork in municipalities of eastern and southern Slovakia, the authors identify three types of project outcomes.

},

keywords = {central and eastern europe, contemporary, labour markets, roma, slovakia, sociology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Political Changes and Shifts in Labour Relations in Mozambique, 1820s-1920s},

author = {Filipa Ribeiro da Silva},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {International Review of Social History},

volume = {61},

number = {1-21},

issue = {1},

abstract = {This article examines the main changes in the policies of the Portuguese state in relation to Mozambique and its labour force during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, stemming from political changes within the Portuguese Empire (i.e. the independence of Brazil in 1821), the European political scene (i.e. the Berlin Conference, 1884–1885), and the Southern African context (i.e. the growing British, French, and German presence). By becoming a principle mobilizer and employer of labour power in the territory, an allocator of labour to neighbouring colonial states, and by granting private companies authority to play identical roles, the Portuguese state brought about important shifts in labour relations in Mozambique.

},

keywords = {19th century, 20th century, mozambique, portugal},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The role of unfree labour in capitalist development: Spain and its empire, 19th-21st centuries},

author = {Fernando Mendiola},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {International Review of Social History },

volume = {61},

pages = {187-211},

abstract = {This article contributes to the debate on the persistence of forced labour within capitalist development. It focuses on Spain, which has been deeply rooted in the global economy, firstly as a colonial metropolis, and later as part of the European Union. In the first place, I analyse the different modalities of unfree labour. The article goes on to deal with the importance of the main economic reasons driving the demand for forced labour. 

},

keywords = {19th century, 20th century, capitalism, contemporary, forced labour, spain},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Fatalist Luxuries: Of Inequality, Wasting and Anti-Work Ethic in India},

author = {Tereza Kuldova},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cultural Politics},

volume = {12},

issue = {1},

pages = {110-129},

abstract = {This article, grounded in long-term ethnographic research among producers of contemporary luxurious embroideries and fashions in Lucknow, a North Indian city famous for its golden age as a powerful cultural center of opulence and excess, shows how anthropological knowledge can enrich current critical discussions of luxury and inequality. Since the 1990s, anthropology has seen a boom in consumption and material culture studies coterminous with the rise of identity politics and its celebration of diversity. In anthropological theory, as well, linking consumption to identity has stolen the limelight. In the process, questions of production, inequality, and reproduction of social structures have been overshadowed. Critical reappraisal of luxury in anthropological theory can paradoxically show us a way out of this identity trap, since luxury, unlike other consumer goods, demands that we think about inequality. Luxury also forces us to think beyond luxury brands, goods, and commodified experiences, pushing us toward more fundamental questions about what constitutes a good life, morality, and social order. The ethnographic case presented here, which reveals how structural violence can go hand-in-hand with paradoxical luxuries facilitated by fatalist attitudes, points to what such an anthropology of luxury might look like. In a village near Lucknow, women embroider luxury pieces for fashion ramps and celebrities, while being fed meritocratic dreams of individual progress and success by fashion designers and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) who try to convince them to work ever harder in the name of empowerment. But the women laugh at luxury goods, designers, and middle-class activists and, instead, insist on an antiwork ethic and a valorization of leisure—on wasting time over working; they prefer to “luxuriate” rather than indulge in luxury goods. However, this perception of luxury is connected to hierarchical inequality and a sense of social fatalism that has been reinvigorated through new experiences with competitive inequality, neoliberal pollution, and the false promises of meritocracy.},

keywords = {contemporary, ethnography, india, qualitative research, textile industry, work ethics},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Indian Ocean Networks and the Transmutations of Servitude: The Protector of Indian Immigrants and the Administration of Freed Slaves and Indentured Labourers in Durban in the 1870s},

author = {Preben Kaarsholm},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Southern African Studies},

volume = {42},

issue = {3},

pages = { 443-461},

abstract = {Focusing on Durban and its harbour, the article discusses the importation of different kinds oftransnational bonded labour into Natal in the last half of the 19th century, and examines theways in which Southern African and Indian Ocean histories were intertwined in the processesthat built the colonial state. The institution of the Protector of Indian Immigrants is highlightedas a central ingredient in state building, which served to give legitimacy in regulating the supplyof labour. The early history of the Protector’s work in the 1870s is given special attention asregards the introduction into Natal of freed slaves from the Indian Ocean coast, of indenturedlabourers from India, and of ‘Amatonga’ migrant workers from Mozambique. An 1877 murdercase is discussed, which led to the forced resignation of a Protector, as it threatened to underminethe respectability of the institution. The article shows the continuities that existed between formsof servitude from slavery and forced labour through the recruitment of ‘liberated Africans’ andindentured Indians to more recent types of migrant and voluntary wage labour.

},

keywords = {19th century, africa, indian ocean, intendured labour, migration and mobility, slavery, South Africa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Contested enslavement: the Portuguese in Angola and the problem of debt, c. 1600-1800},

author = {Judith Spicksley},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-02},

urldate = {2015-01-02},

journal = {Itinerario },

volume = {39},

issue = {2},

pages = {247-275},

abstract = {This article explores the contested legitimacy of enslavement for debt in the context of the transatlantic slave trade.

},

keywords = {africa, angola, atlanic, debt, early modern history, slavery},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Mitteleuropa und der transatlantische Sklavenhandel: eine lange Geschichte [Central Europe and the trans-atlantic slave trade: a long (hi)story]},

author = {Klaus Weber},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

issuetitle = {Europas Sklaven [Europe's Slaves]},

journal = {WerkstattGeschichte},

issue = {66-67},

pages = {7-30},

keywords = {atlanic, central and eastern europe, slavery},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Linen, Silver, Slaves, and Coffee: A Spatial Approach to Central Europe’s Entanglements with the Atlantic Eco­nomy},

author = {Klaus Weber},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Culture & History Digital Journal},

volume = {4},

issue = {2},

abstract = {In German scholarship of the post-war period, the category of space was regarded as discredited, because of its abuse during the Nazi period. This applies in particular to the 1970s and 80s, when novel approaches in social and economic history were developed. Research on proto-industrialisation, broadly examining its internal structures, did not take into account the export orientation of Central Europe’s early modern commodity production. At the same time, the expanding research on Europe’s Atlantic empires, including the trans-Atlantic slave trade, did hardly take notice of the manufactures from the Holy Roman Empire, distributed all around the Atlantic basin. This paper examines those conditions favouring German proto-industries which are relevant for a ‘spatial approach’ to the phenomenon. It also covers the late medieval beginnings of this process, in order to demonstrate the continuity of Central Europe’s entanglement with the Atlantic world. The paper further emphasises that any future research using spatial categories must be aware of the ideological contamination of the German term ‘Raum’ during the 19th and 20th century. The interlace of economic and social history with historiography demands a compilation from current and older research literature, some of it on different regions and subjects.},

keywords = {atlanic, central and eastern europe, commodity chains, slavery, spatial history, textile industry},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Slaves’ Religious Choice in Renaissance Venice: Applying Insights from Missionary Narratives to Slave Baptism Records},

author = {Juliane Schiel},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = { Archivio Veneto},

issue = {146},

pages = {23-45},

abstract = {This article investigates the motivation for and interests behind the baptism of slaves imported into late medieval Venice. It reviews Venetian slave sale records and reports left by mendicant missionaries and illustrates that baptism was less a matter of individual spiritual choice than a social practice perceived by the slave holders as an act of charity.

},

keywords = {christianity, italy, medieval history, slavery},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Remembrance on the Migration Movements in Macedonia after the Russian-Ottoman War of 1877-1878},

author = {Biljana Ristovska-Josifovska},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Balkanistic Forum},

volume = {XXIV},

issue = {3},

abstract = {The events in Macedonia, associated with the end of the Russo-Ottoman War (1877-1878) and the unsuccessful liberation actions of the Macedonian people, created a complex political and economic situation, producing violence and exile. The paper focuses on the migrations as consequences, researching the reflection in various forms of stored memories and memorized history.

},

keywords = {19th century, central and eastern europe, macedonia, migration and mobility, ottoman empire, russia},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Jugoslovensko-švedski odnosi (1941‒1945) [Yugoslav-Swedish relations]},

author = {Goran Latinović},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Istorija 20. veka [20th century history]},

volume = {XXXIII},

issue = {1},

pages = {45‒60},

abstract = {Despite the occupation and destruction of the Yugoslav state in April 1941, the Yugoslav Legation in Stockholm remained open and it continued its activities as one of the diplomatic missions of the Yugoslav Government in exile. Nazis interned 4,268 men from Yugoslavia on forced labour in Norway. They were forced to work on building roads in Northern Norway, in order to provide better conditions for supplying Nazi troops in Finland, as well as to build fortresses along the Norwegian coast. Around 2,400 of Yugoslavs lost their lives in Nazi camps in Norway during the forced labour, but some of them managed to flee in neutral Sweden. The influx of Yugoslavs from Norway to Sweden, influenced the Yugoslav-Swedish relations during the Second World War.

},

keywords = {20th century, forced labour, sweden, yugoslavia},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Free and Unfree Labour and Ethnic Conflicts in the Brazilian Transport Industry: Rio de Janeiro in the Nineteenth Century},

author = {Paulo Cruz Terra},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {International Review of Social History },

volume = {59},

issue = {1},

pages = {113-132},

abstract = {Over the course of the nineteenth century, major changes transformed the transport of people and freight in Rio de Janeiro, the capital of Brazil during this period. These transformations involved both technological change, as transport evolved first from carriages and carts to horse-drawn trams and then to electric trams, as well as economic developments, such as the establishment of the first tram companies, many of which became important vehicles for foreign capital to enter Brazil. Although there has been extensive research from various angles into the changes undergone by the city's transport sector, there remains, however, a significant lacuna in the existing literature: the workers involved in that sector. The aim of this article is to analyse the workforce of the urban transport sector in Rio de Janeiro in the nineteenth century, and to understand the labour that these workers provided, how they were affected by the transformations in the sector, and, at the same time, how they responded to those transformations. During this period, issues such as the connections between free and unfree labour, ethnic conflicts, and work regulation were very important in transport work in Rio de Janeiro, and they are explored in the text.



},

keywords = {19th century, brazil, race, working conditions},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {No Global history without Africa: Reciprocal Comparison and Beyond},

author = {Karin Hofmeester and Jan Lucassen and Filipa Ribeiro da Silva},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

urldate = {2014-01-01},

journal = {History in Africa. A Journal of Method},

issue = {41},

pages = {249-276},

abstract = {This introduction explains why it is important to include the history of labor and labor relations in Africa in Global Labor History. It suggests that the approach of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations 1500–2000 – with its taxonomy of labour relations – is a feasible method for applying this approach to the historiography on labor history in Africa.

},

keywords = {africa, global labour history, longue duree},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Grigore Trancu-Iaşi şi “protecţia muncii naţionale”: Politica socială interbelică între naţionalism şi combaterea şomajului [Grigore Trancu-Iaşi and the “protection of national labor”: Interwar social policy between nationalism and the fight against unemployment]},

author = {Alexandru-Murad Mironov },

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

urldate = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Transilvania },

volume = {10-11},

pages = {64-72},

abstract = {This paper analyzes the historical grounds of a national policy to regulate labour in interwar Romania. The labour regime in that period was not even once modified by social pressure. Official interest varied according to economic conditions, government ideology and the personality of the holder of the office. The founder was Grigore Trancu-Iaşi, a radical statesman. Of humble extraction, he imagined himself as a sort of protector of Romanian workers. His vision was “national”: employers and employees were in the service of the motherland. The end of the democratical regime in 1938 came with a different political approach toward the working class. The political elite, democratically elected or directly appointed by the King, employed philanthropy or offered incentives. However, solidarity never became a reality.

},

keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, economic and social policy, labour markets, romania},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Reeducation through work? Mountain roads in the Spanish concentration universe (Western Pyrenees, 1939-1942),},

author = {Fernando Mendiola},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {55},

issue = {1},

pages = {97-116},

abstract = {This article deals with the forced labour system within the Spanish Concentration Universe, mainly that related to work battalions that were under the control of the Concentration Camps Inspectorate, involved in work consisting of opening roads along the Western Pyrenees after Spanish Civil War.

},

keywords = {20th century, forced labour, spain},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Razvitak vojne službe kao osnov formiranja vlasteoskog sloja u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi [Development of Military Service as Foundation for Creation of Nobility in Medieval Serbia]},

author = {Miloš Ivanović},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

urldate = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Vojnoistorijski glasnik [Military Historical Review]},

volume = {1},

pages = {30-48},

abstract = {Occasional submission of Serbian lands to Byzantine Empire or Bulgaria slow down creation of local elites. Process of political emancipation from Byzantine rule, which started in Doclea during 11th and its successful continuation in Raska during 12th century wouldn’t be feasible without existence of group of professional soldiers”. Confirmation could be found in writings of Byzantine writers as well in certain archeological sites. By the end of 12th century in Serbia appeared new type of soldier – armored cavalryman. Almost simultaneously appeared group of dependent inhabitants tied to land which was supposed to secure nobility with sufficient revenues. By the beginning of 13th century in hagiographies and charts beside nobility as separate social category appeared soldiers. Analyses of sources showed that both belonged to the class of warriors while nobility was entitled to higher titles and governing positions. In time, soldiers stop being separate social category and enter the ranks of nobility whose main obligation was warfare. By the mid-14th century this was confirmed by the Emperor Dusan Code. Thanks to its privileges nobility clearly differed from Vlachs among whom some were obliged to participate in war.

},

keywords = {central and eastern europe, medieval history, military, serbia},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}