1.
Petrova, Ivanka
Obligatory Contributions to Society: Student Foreign Language Guides as Seasonal Wage Workers in Socialist Bulgaria, 1970s–1980s Book Chapter
In: Batista, Anamarija; Müller, Viola; Peres, Corinna (Ed.): Coercion and Wage Labour. Exploring Work Relations through History and Art, 2024.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Obligatory Contributions to Society: Student Foreign Language Guides as Seasonal Wage Workers in Socialist Bulgaria, 1970s–1980s},
author = {Ivanka Petrova},
editor = {Anamarija Batista and Viola Müller and Corinna Peres},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {Coercion and Wage Labour. Exploring Work Relations through History and Art},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2.
Batista, Anamarija
Referenzierung der jugoslawischen Architektur in zeitgenössischen Praxen und ihre Bedeutung für die Verhandlung des Phänomens Luxus Book Chapter Forthcoming
In: Viderman, Tihomir (Ed.): Unsettled – Urban routines, temporalities and contestations , Forthcoming.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Referenzierung der jugoslawischen Architektur in zeitgenössischen Praxen und ihre Bedeutung für die Verhandlung des Phänomens Luxus},
author = {Anamarija Batista},
editor = {Tihomir Viderman et al.},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-04},
booktitle = {Unsettled – Urban routines, temporalities and contestations
},
abstract = {This text scrutinizes the concept of luxury in the context of self-governing socialism as the subject matter of particular importance in challenging and unsettling contemporary thought, thus making it transgressive.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {forthcoming},
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This text scrutinizes the concept of luxury in the context of self-governing socialism as the subject matter of particular importance in challenging and unsettling contemporary thought, thus making it transgressive.
3.
Grubački, Isidora
Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia Book Chapter
In: Betti, Eloisa; Papastefanaki, Leda; Tolomelli, Marica; Zimmermann, Susan (Ed.): Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century, 2022.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia},
author = {Isidora Grubački},
editor = {Eloisa Betti and Leda Papastefanaki and Marica Tolomelli and Susan Zimmermann},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
urldate = {2022-09-01},
booktitle = {Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century},
abstract = {The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.},
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The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.
4.
Gluchman, Vasil
Slovak Marxist-Leninist Philosophy on Work: Experience of the Second Half of the 20th Century Journal Article
In: Studies in East European Thought, vol. 72, iss. 1, pp. 43-58, 2020.
@article{nokey,
title = {Slovak Marxist-Leninist Philosophy on Work: Experience of the Second Half of the 20th Century},
author = {Vasil Gluchman},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Studies in East European Thought},
volume = {72},
issue = {1},
pages = {43-58},
abstract = {The paper analyses the concept of work in Slovak Marxist-Leninist philosophy and ethics in the second half of the twentieth century by referencing, in particular, Furnham’s critical assessment of the relationship between left-wing ideology and the values of work ethic. The author comes to the conclusion that, on the one hand, Marxist-Leninist ideology and the practice of building socialism made the notion and phenomenon of work into an ideological fetish; on the other hand, however, the real value of work and its contribution to the development of society was depreciated. Instead of bringing about the liberation of work all that it engendered was a new form of its alienation.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper analyses the concept of work in Slovak Marxist-Leninist philosophy and ethics in the second half of the twentieth century by referencing, in particular, Furnham’s critical assessment of the relationship between left-wing ideology and the values of work ethic. The author comes to the conclusion that, on the one hand, Marxist-Leninist ideology and the practice of building socialism made the notion and phenomenon of work into an ideological fetish; on the other hand, however, the real value of work and its contribution to the development of society was depreciated. Instead of bringing about the liberation of work all that it engendered was a new form of its alienation.
5.
Siefert, Marsha (Ed.)
Labor in State-Socialist Europe, 1945-1989: Contributions to a History of Work Collection
2020.
@collection{nokey,
title = {Labor in State-Socialist Europe, 1945-1989: Contributions to a History of Work},
editor = {Marsha Siefert},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
abstract = {The Introduction and 16 essays offer new conceptual and empirical ways to understand the history of labor regimes from the end of World War II to 1989, and to think about how their experiences relate to debates about labor history, both European and global.
},
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The Introduction and 16 essays offer new conceptual and empirical ways to understand the history of labor regimes from the end of World War II to 1989, and to think about how their experiences relate to debates about labor history, both European and global.
6.
Zimmermann, Susan
“It Shall Not Be a Written Gift, But a Lived Reality.” Equal Pay, Women’s Work, and the Politics of Labor in State-Socialist Hungary, Late 1960s to Late 1970s Book Chapter
In: Siefert, Marsha (Ed.): Labor in State-Socialist Europe: Contributions to a Global History of Work, pp. 337-372, 2020.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {“It Shall Not Be a Written Gift, But a Lived Reality.” Equal Pay, Women’s Work, and the Politics of Labor in State-Socialist Hungary, Late 1960s to Late 1970s},
author = {Susan Zimmermann},
editor = {Marsha Siefert},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {Labor in State-Socialist Europe: Contributions to a Global History of Work},
pages = {337-372},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
7.
Bartha, Eszter
“This Workers’ Hostel Lost Almost Every Bit of Added Value It Had”: Workers’ Hostels, Social Rights and Legitimization in Hungary and the German Democratic Republic Book Chapter
In: Siefert, Marsha (Ed.): Labor in State-Socialist Europe after 1945: Contributions to a History of Work, pp. 167-194, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = { “This Workers’ Hostel Lost Almost Every Bit of Added Value It Had”: Workers’ Hostels, Social Rights and Legitimization in Hungary and the German Democratic Republic},
author = {Eszter Bartha},
editor = {Marsha Siefert},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Labor in State-Socialist Europe after 1945: Contributions to a History of Work},
pages = {167-194},
abstract = {Workers’ hostels have been a relatively understudied area of the social history of the 1970s. In this chapter – apart from presenting two case studies, one in the GDR and the other one in Hungary – I argue that the contemporary literature produced in connection with the social rights (or rather, the lack of social rights, as many workers, who had to spend years in these “temporary” accommodation, experienced) can offer an insight into the decline of trust in the so-called “welfare dictatorships” and the crisis of their legitimacy. I call these regimes welfare dictatorships because they were based on the recognition that the dictatorship of the proletariat could not change either human needs or the ways of satisfying these needs. Thus, the decline of state socialism – from the perspective of labor – started well before the actual collapse of these regimes when even low-level functionaries formulated – at least in Hungary – a strong criticism of a socialism, which could not afford to provide workers with minimal levels of housing comfort (Housing was provided, but comfort was not). I argue that this slow erosion of legitimacy went hand in hand with the economic weakening of the state socialist regimes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Workers’ hostels have been a relatively understudied area of the social history of the 1970s. In this chapter – apart from presenting two case studies, one in the GDR and the other one in Hungary – I argue that the contemporary literature produced in connection with the social rights (or rather, the lack of social rights, as many workers, who had to spend years in these “temporary” accommodation, experienced) can offer an insight into the decline of trust in the so-called “welfare dictatorships” and the crisis of their legitimacy. I call these regimes welfare dictatorships because they were based on the recognition that the dictatorship of the proletariat could not change either human needs or the ways of satisfying these needs. Thus, the decline of state socialism – from the perspective of labor – started well before the actual collapse of these regimes when even low-level functionaries formulated – at least in Hungary – a strong criticism of a socialism, which could not afford to provide workers with minimal levels of housing comfort (Housing was provided, but comfort was not). I argue that this slow erosion of legitimacy went hand in hand with the economic weakening of the state socialist regimes.
8.
Jarska, Natalia
Unemployment in State Socialism: An Insight into the Understanding of Work in 1950s Poland Book Chapter
In: Siefert, Marsha (Ed.): Labor in State Socialist Europe after 1945: Contributions to to a History of Work, pp. 27-47, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Unemployment in State Socialism: An Insight into the Understanding of Work in 1950s Poland},
author = {Natalia Jarska},
editor = {Marsha Siefert},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Labor in State Socialist Europe after 1945: Contributions to to a History of Work},
pages = {27-47},
abstract = {The chapter explores how “joblessness” was described, defined and perceived by workers, economists and policy-makers, and what measures and policies were taken against it by the party-state. This analysis offers an insight into the understanding of work in state socialism and the so-called “socialist economy”. My research shows that labour relations were defined by the principles of the Marxist economy implemented by the state institutions, but they were not static, being related to – among other factors – labour shortages, gender norms, memory of prewar (capitalist) relations, and the party-state’s search for legitimization.
},
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}
The chapter explores how “joblessness” was described, defined and perceived by workers, economists and policy-makers, and what measures and policies were taken against it by the party-state. This analysis offers an insight into the understanding of work in state socialism and the so-called “socialist economy”. My research shows that labour relations were defined by the principles of the Marxist economy implemented by the state institutions, but they were not static, being related to – among other factors – labour shortages, gender norms, memory of prewar (capitalist) relations, and the party-state’s search for legitimization.
9.
Jarska, Natalia
Female Breadwinners in State Socialism: The Value of Women’s Work for Wages in Post-Stalinist Poland Journal Article
In: Contemporary European History, vol. 4, pp. 469-483, 2019.
@article{nokey,
title = {Female Breadwinners in State Socialism: The Value of Women’s Work for Wages in Post-Stalinist Poland},
author = {Natalia Jarska},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Contemporary European History},
volume = {4},
pages = {469-483},
abstract = {This article examines popular opinion about women’s wage work in the late 1950s and early 1960s in Poland, using letters to institutions and sociological research from this period. It introduces the notion of female breadwinning as a useful category to describe the understanding of women’s wage work under state socialism. Opinions on women’s wage work varied, but all of them were based on gender assumptions. Women’s and men’s work were valued differently. Men’s work had an indisputable, independent position. Women’s work was evaluated in the context of family.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article examines popular opinion about women’s wage work in the late 1950s and early 1960s in Poland, using letters to institutions and sociological research from this period. It introduces the notion of female breadwinning as a useful category to describe the understanding of women’s wage work under state socialism. Opinions on women’s wage work varied, but all of them were based on gender assumptions. Women’s and men’s work were valued differently. Men’s work had an indisputable, independent position. Women’s work was evaluated in the context of family.
10.
Mironov, Alexandru-Murad
Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik in Rumänien [Economic and Social Policy in Romania] Book Chapter
In: Backes, Uwe; Heydemann, Günther; Vollnhals, Clemens (Ed.): Staatssozialismen im Vergleich: Staatspartei – Sozialpolitik – Opposition, pp. 327-346, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik in Rumänien [Economic and Social Policy in Romania]},
author = {Alexandru-Murad Mironov},
editor = {Uwe Backes and Günther Heydemann and Clemens Vollnhals},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Staatssozialismen im Vergleich: Staatspartei – Sozialpolitik – Opposition},
pages = {327-346},
abstract = {This chapter explores the 1980s in Socialist Romania from a social and economic point of view. During this period, the state continued to improve the living conditions and to grant rights to a population that experienced modernization quite late. However, its requirements changed dramatically after 1980 as the early influences of consumerism began to be felt. Despite having two relatively good decades – probably the best in the whole of the twentieth century – the 80s practically placed Romania last in Europe in almost all development indicators. The economic crises, all sorts of shortages and growing discontent led to the Revolution of December 1989, succeeding to unite the workers, peasants, retirees, and the urban population against the political regime of Nicolae Ceausescu.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This chapter explores the 1980s in Socialist Romania from a social and economic point of view. During this period, the state continued to improve the living conditions and to grant rights to a population that experienced modernization quite late. However, its requirements changed dramatically after 1980 as the early influences of consumerism began to be felt. Despite having two relatively good decades – probably the best in the whole of the twentieth century – the 80s practically placed Romania last in Europe in almost all development indicators. The economic crises, all sorts of shortages and growing discontent led to the Revolution of December 1989, succeeding to unite the workers, peasants, retirees, and the urban population against the political regime of Nicolae Ceausescu.
11.
Suodenjoki, Sami
Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914 Book Chapter
In: Regan, Joe; Smith, Cathal (Ed.): Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914, pp. 170-184, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914},
author = {Sami Suodenjoki},
editor = {Joe Regan and Cathal Smith},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914},
pages = {170-184},
abstract = {This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
12.
Jarska, Natalia
The Periphery Revisited: Polish Post-war Historiography on the Working Class and the New Global Labour History Journal Article
In: European Review of History, vol. 25, iss. 1, pp. 45-60, 2018.
@article{nokey,
title = {The Periphery Revisited: Polish Post-war Historiography on the Working Class and the New Global Labour History},
author = {Natalia Jarska},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {European Review of History},
volume = {25},
issue = {1},
pages = {45-60},
abstract = {After 1945, Polish historiography was circumscribed by political and ideological considerations; however – except during the brief Stalinist period (1951–56) – Marxist methodology was not imposed or applied uncritically. In fact, discussions about the role of the working class in history that began after 1956 generated research interest in new groups of workers and labour relations. Much of this research concerns recently highlighted aspects of labour history, such as marginal groups of workers or free versus unfree labour.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
After 1945, Polish historiography was circumscribed by political and ideological considerations; however – except during the brief Stalinist period (1951–56) – Marxist methodology was not imposed or applied uncritically. In fact, discussions about the role of the working class in history that began after 1956 generated research interest in new groups of workers and labour relations. Much of this research concerns recently highlighted aspects of labour history, such as marginal groups of workers or free versus unfree labour.
13.
Ćeranić, Goran
Montenegrin entrepreneurs’ material position and their self-assessment of business success Journal Article
In: Социологические исследования. Руска академија наук, vol. 4, pp. 116-121, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {Montenegrin entrepreneurs’ material position and their self-assessment of business success},
author = {Goran Ćeranić},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Социологические исследования. Руска академија наук},
volume = {4},
pages = {116-121},
abstract = {No matter what the trends are, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs emerge as a response to the current historical developmental requirements. As an old, but still current business philosophy, entrepreneurship gets “activated” both in the developed market economies as well as in the transitioning ones. In Montenegro, this issue has been particularly important. For a number of years a specific entrepreneurial activity went on caused by our country’s delicate position, which further influenced the slow development of entrepreneurial sector in comparison to other Eastern European countries. In addition to analyzing the material position of entrepreneurial group in the socialist era, we have tried to determine to what extent this group has changed in the post-socialist period. It is obvious that this era has seen a rise in the economic power of entrepreneurs and their material standards, therefore, these issues will be the main subject of this work.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
No matter what the trends are, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs emerge as a response to the current historical developmental requirements. As an old, but still current business philosophy, entrepreneurship gets “activated” both in the developed market economies as well as in the transitioning ones. In Montenegro, this issue has been particularly important. For a number of years a specific entrepreneurial activity went on caused by our country’s delicate position, which further influenced the slow development of entrepreneurial sector in comparison to other Eastern European countries. In addition to analyzing the material position of entrepreneurial group in the socialist era, we have tried to determine to what extent this group has changed in the post-socialist period. It is obvious that this era has seen a rise in the economic power of entrepreneurs and their material standards, therefore, these issues will be the main subject of this work.
14.
Casu, Igor
The Fate of Stalinist Victims in Soviet Moldavia After 1953: Amnesty, Pardon and the Long Road to Rehabilitation Book Chapter
In: McDermott, Kevin; Stibbe, Matthew (Ed.): De-Stalinising Eastern Europe: The Rehabilitation of Stalin’s Victims After 1953, pp. 186-203, 2015.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Fate of Stalinist Victims in Soviet Moldavia After 1953: Amnesty, Pardon and the Long Road to Rehabilitation},
author = {Igor Casu},
editor = {Kevin McDermott and Matthew Stibbe},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {De-Stalinising Eastern Europe: The Rehabilitation of Stalin’s Victims After 1953},
pages = {186-203},
abstract = {The study refers to a long-neglected aspect of the post-Stalinist period in Soviet Moldavia, namely the fate of the people repressed before 1953 by being sent to Siberia and Kazakhstan with their whole families, including aged and ill members. Based on a large set of documents, including the former KGB in Chișinău, the study shows the limits of rehabilitation after 1953 up to the late 1970s- early 1980s and the perpetuation of discrimination to a certain extent to large social strata targeted indiscriminately by the Stalinist terror.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The study refers to a long-neglected aspect of the post-Stalinist period in Soviet Moldavia, namely the fate of the people repressed before 1953 by being sent to Siberia and Kazakhstan with their whole families, including aged and ill members. Based on a large set of documents, including the former KGB in Chișinău, the study shows the limits of rehabilitation after 1953 up to the late 1970s- early 1980s and the perpetuation of discrimination to a certain extent to large social strata targeted indiscriminately by the Stalinist terror.
15.
Casu, Igor (Ed.)
At the Origins of Sovietization of Bessarabia: Identification of Class Enemies, Confiscations of Property and Work Mobilization in Moldavian SSR, 1940-1941. Collection
2014, ((in Russian, with summary and names of the documents in English and Romanian)).
@collection{nokey,
title = {At the Origins of Sovietization of Bessarabia: Identification of Class Enemies, Confiscations of Property and Work Mobilization in Moldavian SSR, 1940-1941.},
editor = {Igor Casu},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
abstract = {The volume contains documents from former party and state archives of Soviet Moldavia, in Chișinău. It covers three main topics that overall anticipates the beginning of mass repression in Moldavian SSR as well as in other new Soviet Western borderlands in May-June 1941 just days before the German-Soviet war. Thus, it focuses on issues such as the way the Soviet political police and other agencies identified the class enemies, interrogated them about their properties, their political affiliations and other issues. The third main topic covered in the volume pertains to mass forced work mobilization in Ukraine, Russia and other Soviet republics.
},
note = {(in Russian, with summary and names of the documents in English and Romanian)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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The volume contains documents from former party and state archives of Soviet Moldavia, in Chișinău. It covers three main topics that overall anticipates the beginning of mass repression in Moldavian SSR as well as in other new Soviet Western borderlands in May-June 1941 just days before the German-Soviet war. Thus, it focuses on issues such as the way the Soviet political police and other agencies identified the class enemies, interrogated them about their properties, their political affiliations and other issues. The third main topic covered in the volume pertains to mass forced work mobilization in Ukraine, Russia and other Soviet republics.
16.
Centrih, Lev
The Road to Collapse: The Demise of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. Online
2014, visited: 01.01.2014.
@online{nokey,
title = {The Road to Collapse: The Demise of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.},
author = {Lev Centrih},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
abstract = {The publication is indirectly connected to the COST Action’s topic. Author explores dynamics of the systemic changes in socialist Yugoslavia 1945–1991. Findings are relevant for the author’s present interest in atypical forms of labour. League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the leading political force in the country: after the second world war the Party initiated reconstruction campaigns which included phenomenon of “working brigades” . These labour arrangements were neither completely free but not completely compulsory either.
},
keywords = {},
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The publication is indirectly connected to the COST Action’s topic. Author explores dynamics of the systemic changes in socialist Yugoslavia 1945–1991. Findings are relevant for the author’s present interest in atypical forms of labour. League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the leading political force in the country: after the second world war the Party initiated reconstruction campaigns which included phenomenon of “working brigades” . These labour arrangements were neither completely free but not completely compulsory either.
17.
нгелова, Милена
Безсмъртният герой като колега: колективният ритуал “Героят е винаги в строя” (1977-1989) [The Immortal Hero as a Co-worker: The Collective ritual “The Hero is Always in Our Lines”, 1977-1989] Book Chapter
In: Koleva, Daniela (Ed.): Death under Socialism: Heroics and Postheroics, pp. 115-128, 2013.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Безсмъртният герой като колега: колективният ритуал “Героят е винаги в строя” (1977-1989) [The Immortal Hero as a Co-worker: The Collective ritual “The Hero is Always in Our Lines”, 1977-1989]},
author = {Милена нгелова},
editor = {Daniela Koleva},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
urldate = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Death under Socialism: Heroics and Postheroics},
pages = {115-128},
abstract = {The campaign “The Hero is Always in Our Lines” was designed as a state initiative in Bulgaria in the 1970s as a part of the ideological scenarios of late communist rule. The Bulgarian version of the campaign was a response to the similar Soviet initiative “For you and for that boy”. The basic idea was that work brigades (units) had to choose died communist heroes as their “patrons” in order to sustain their memory. The heroes were enlisted in the payroll and the work brigades fulfilled additional work assignments on their behalf and received their wages.
},
keywords = {},
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The campaign “The Hero is Always in Our Lines” was designed as a state initiative in Bulgaria in the 1970s as a part of the ideological scenarios of late communist rule. The Bulgarian version of the campaign was a response to the similar Soviet initiative “For you and for that boy”. The basic idea was that work brigades (units) had to choose died communist heroes as their “patrons” in order to sustain their memory. The heroes were enlisted in the payroll and the work brigades fulfilled additional work assignments on their behalf and received their wages.
18.
Bartha, Eszter
Alienating Labour: Workers on the Road from Socialism to Capitalism in East Germany and Hungary. Book
2013.
@book{nokey,
title = {Alienating Labour: Workers on the Road from Socialism to Capitalism in East Germany and Hungary.},
author = {Eszter Bartha},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
urldate = {2013-01-01},
abstract = {The state socialist regimes in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the “masses” with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy – successful at the outset – in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers’ state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The state socialist regimes in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the “masses” with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy – successful at the outset – in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers’ state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.
19.
Casu, Igor
Political Repressions in Moldavian SSR after 1956: Towards a Typology Based on KGB files Journal Article
In: Dystopia. Journal of Totalitarian Ideologies and Regimes, vol. 1-2, pp. 89-127, 2012.
@article{nokey,
title = {Political Repressions in Moldavian SSR after 1956: Towards a Typology Based on KGB files},
author = {Igor Casu },
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Dystopia. Journal of Totalitarian Ideologies and Regimes},
volume = {1-2},
pages = {89-127},
abstract = {The article is the first attempt to reconstitute the scale, nature and methods opposition to the Soviet regime in Moldavian SSR after Stalin’s death. The author stresses the fact that even though there is no mass repression after 1953, the regime retained its main characteristics such as one-party rule, censorship, prohibition of market relations and private property and the leading role of civil and political police in controlling all forms of social and individual life.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The article is the first attempt to reconstitute the scale, nature and methods opposition to the Soviet regime in Moldavian SSR after Stalin’s death. The author stresses the fact that even though there is no mass repression after 1953, the regime retained its main characteristics such as one-party rule, censorship, prohibition of market relations and private property and the leading role of civil and political police in controlling all forms of social and individual life.
20.
Milićević, Nataša
Neke forme prinudnog rada u Srbiji 1944-1950 [Certain Types of Forced Labour in Serbia 1944-1950] Book Chapter
In: Gajger, Vladimir; Grahek-Ravančić, Martina; Karakaš-Obradov, Marica (Ed.): Logori, zatvori i prisilni rad u Hrvatskoj/Jugoslaviji 1941-1945 [Camps, prisons and forced labour in Croatia/Yugoslavia 1941-1945, 1945-1951], pp. 183-203, 2010.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Neke forme prinudnog rada u Srbiji 1944-1950 [Certain Types of Forced Labour in Serbia 1944-1950]},
author = {Nataša Milićević},
editor = {Vladimir Gajger and Martina Grahek-Ravančić and Marica Karakaš-Obradov},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
booktitle = {Logori, zatvori i prisilni rad u Hrvatskoj/Jugoslaviji 1941-1945 [Camps, prisons and forced labour in Croatia/Yugoslavia 1941-1945, 1945-1951]},
pages = {183-203},
abstract = {The paper focuses on different forms of forced labour in Serbia after WW II. The topic of the analyis is also the attitude and the vocabulary of Communist authorities. They often used terms like “mobilization”, “volunteer labour”, “required servise”, “required work”. The affected social groups were particularly observed. Such gropus were Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans), war prisoners, prison inmates, “volunteers”. The article explains who was hiding behind terms like “unproductive” or “enemy” elements.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The paper focuses on different forms of forced labour in Serbia after WW II. The topic of the analyis is also the attitude and the vocabulary of Communist authorities. They often used terms like “mobilization”, “volunteer labour”, “required servise”, “required work”. The affected social groups were particularly observed. Such gropus were Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans), war prisoners, prison inmates, “volunteers”. The article explains who was hiding behind terms like “unproductive” or “enemy” elements.
2024
Petrova, Ivanka
Obligatory Contributions to Society: Student Foreign Language Guides as Seasonal Wage Workers in Socialist Bulgaria, 1970s–1980s Book Chapter
In: Batista, Anamarija; Müller, Viola; Peres, Corinna (Ed.): Coercion and Wage Labour. Exploring Work Relations through History and Art, 2024.
Tags: 20th century, bulgaria, seasonal work, socialism, wage labour
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Obligatory Contributions to Society: Student Foreign Language Guides as Seasonal Wage Workers in Socialist Bulgaria, 1970s–1980s},
author = {Ivanka Petrova},
editor = {Anamarija Batista and Viola Müller and Corinna Peres},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {Coercion and Wage Labour. Exploring Work Relations through History and Art},
keywords = {20th century, bulgaria, seasonal work, socialism, wage labour},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2022
Batista, Anamarija
Referenzierung der jugoslawischen Architektur in zeitgenössischen Praxen und ihre Bedeutung für die Verhandlung des Phänomens Luxus Book Chapter Forthcoming
In: Viderman, Tihomir (Ed.): Unsettled – Urban routines, temporalities and contestations , Forthcoming.
Abstract | Tags: architecture, contemporary, socialism, yugoslavia
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Referenzierung der jugoslawischen Architektur in zeitgenössischen Praxen und ihre Bedeutung für die Verhandlung des Phänomens Luxus},
author = {Anamarija Batista},
editor = {Tihomir Viderman et al.},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-04},
booktitle = {Unsettled – Urban routines, temporalities and contestations
},
abstract = {This text scrutinizes the concept of luxury in the context of self-governing socialism as the subject matter of particular importance in challenging and unsettling contemporary thought, thus making it transgressive.
},
keywords = {architecture, contemporary, socialism, yugoslavia},
pubstate = {forthcoming},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This text scrutinizes the concept of luxury in the context of self-governing socialism as the subject matter of particular importance in challenging and unsettling contemporary thought, thus making it transgressive.
Grubački, Isidora
Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia Book Chapter
In: Betti, Eloisa; Papastefanaki, Leda; Tolomelli, Marica; Zimmermann, Susan (Ed.): Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century, 2022.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, feminism, gender, labour movements, socialism, yugoslavia
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia},
author = {Isidora Grubački},
editor = {Eloisa Betti and Leda Papastefanaki and Marica Tolomelli and Susan Zimmermann},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
urldate = {2022-09-01},
booktitle = {Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century},
abstract = {The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.},
keywords = {20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, feminism, gender, labour movements, socialism, yugoslavia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.
2020
Gluchman, Vasil
Slovak Marxist-Leninist Philosophy on Work: Experience of the Second Half of the 20th Century Journal Article
In: Studies in East European Thought, vol. 72, iss. 1, pp. 43-58, 2020.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, marxism, philosophy, slovakia, socialism
@article{nokey,
title = {Slovak Marxist-Leninist Philosophy on Work: Experience of the Second Half of the 20th Century},
author = {Vasil Gluchman},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Studies in East European Thought},
volume = {72},
issue = {1},
pages = {43-58},
abstract = {The paper analyses the concept of work in Slovak Marxist-Leninist philosophy and ethics in the second half of the twentieth century by referencing, in particular, Furnham’s critical assessment of the relationship between left-wing ideology and the values of work ethic. The author comes to the conclusion that, on the one hand, Marxist-Leninist ideology and the practice of building socialism made the notion and phenomenon of work into an ideological fetish; on the other hand, however, the real value of work and its contribution to the development of society was depreciated. Instead of bringing about the liberation of work all that it engendered was a new form of its alienation.
},
keywords = {20th century, marxism, philosophy, slovakia, socialism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper analyses the concept of work in Slovak Marxist-Leninist philosophy and ethics in the second half of the twentieth century by referencing, in particular, Furnham’s critical assessment of the relationship between left-wing ideology and the values of work ethic. The author comes to the conclusion that, on the one hand, Marxist-Leninist ideology and the practice of building socialism made the notion and phenomenon of work into an ideological fetish; on the other hand, however, the real value of work and its contribution to the development of society was depreciated. Instead of bringing about the liberation of work all that it engendered was a new form of its alienation.
Siefert, Marsha (Ed.)
Labor in State-Socialist Europe, 1945-1989: Contributions to a History of Work Collection
2020.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, central and eastern europe, socialism
@collection{nokey,
title = {Labor in State-Socialist Europe, 1945-1989: Contributions to a History of Work},
editor = {Marsha Siefert},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
abstract = {The Introduction and 16 essays offer new conceptual and empirical ways to understand the history of labor regimes from the end of World War II to 1989, and to think about how their experiences relate to debates about labor history, both European and global.
},
keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, socialism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
The Introduction and 16 essays offer new conceptual and empirical ways to understand the history of labor regimes from the end of World War II to 1989, and to think about how their experiences relate to debates about labor history, both European and global.
Zimmermann, Susan
“It Shall Not Be a Written Gift, But a Lived Reality.” Equal Pay, Women’s Work, and the Politics of Labor in State-Socialist Hungary, Late 1960s to Late 1970s Book Chapter
In: Siefert, Marsha (Ed.): Labor in State-Socialist Europe: Contributions to a Global History of Work, pp. 337-372, 2020.
Tags: 20th century, central and eastern europe, gender, hunga, socialism
@inbook{nokey,
title = {“It Shall Not Be a Written Gift, But a Lived Reality.” Equal Pay, Women’s Work, and the Politics of Labor in State-Socialist Hungary, Late 1960s to Late 1970s},
author = {Susan Zimmermann},
editor = {Marsha Siefert},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {Labor in State-Socialist Europe: Contributions to a Global History of Work},
pages = {337-372},
keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, gender, hunga, socialism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2019
Bartha, Eszter
“This Workers’ Hostel Lost Almost Every Bit of Added Value It Had”: Workers’ Hostels, Social Rights and Legitimization in Hungary and the German Democratic Republic Book Chapter
In: Siefert, Marsha (Ed.): Labor in State-Socialist Europe after 1945: Contributions to a History of Work, pp. 167-194, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, german democratic republic, housing, hungary, socialism
@inbook{nokey,
title = { “This Workers’ Hostel Lost Almost Every Bit of Added Value It Had”: Workers’ Hostels, Social Rights and Legitimization in Hungary and the German Democratic Republic},
author = {Eszter Bartha},
editor = {Marsha Siefert},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Labor in State-Socialist Europe after 1945: Contributions to a History of Work},
pages = {167-194},
abstract = {Workers’ hostels have been a relatively understudied area of the social history of the 1970s. In this chapter – apart from presenting two case studies, one in the GDR and the other one in Hungary – I argue that the contemporary literature produced in connection with the social rights (or rather, the lack of social rights, as many workers, who had to spend years in these “temporary” accommodation, experienced) can offer an insight into the decline of trust in the so-called “welfare dictatorships” and the crisis of their legitimacy. I call these regimes welfare dictatorships because they were based on the recognition that the dictatorship of the proletariat could not change either human needs or the ways of satisfying these needs. Thus, the decline of state socialism – from the perspective of labor – started well before the actual collapse of these regimes when even low-level functionaries formulated – at least in Hungary – a strong criticism of a socialism, which could not afford to provide workers with minimal levels of housing comfort (Housing was provided, but comfort was not). I argue that this slow erosion of legitimacy went hand in hand with the economic weakening of the state socialist regimes.},
keywords = {20th century, german democratic republic, housing, hungary, socialism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Workers’ hostels have been a relatively understudied area of the social history of the 1970s. In this chapter – apart from presenting two case studies, one in the GDR and the other one in Hungary – I argue that the contemporary literature produced in connection with the social rights (or rather, the lack of social rights, as many workers, who had to spend years in these “temporary” accommodation, experienced) can offer an insight into the decline of trust in the so-called “welfare dictatorships” and the crisis of their legitimacy. I call these regimes welfare dictatorships because they were based on the recognition that the dictatorship of the proletariat could not change either human needs or the ways of satisfying these needs. Thus, the decline of state socialism – from the perspective of labor – started well before the actual collapse of these regimes when even low-level functionaries formulated – at least in Hungary – a strong criticism of a socialism, which could not afford to provide workers with minimal levels of housing comfort (Housing was provided, but comfort was not). I argue that this slow erosion of legitimacy went hand in hand with the economic weakening of the state socialist regimes.
Jarska, Natalia
Unemployment in State Socialism: An Insight into the Understanding of Work in 1950s Poland Book Chapter
In: Siefert, Marsha (Ed.): Labor in State Socialist Europe after 1945: Contributions to to a History of Work, pp. 27-47, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, central and eastern europe, poland, socialism, unemployment
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Unemployment in State Socialism: An Insight into the Understanding of Work in 1950s Poland},
author = {Natalia Jarska},
editor = {Marsha Siefert},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Labor in State Socialist Europe after 1945: Contributions to to a History of Work},
pages = {27-47},
abstract = {The chapter explores how “joblessness” was described, defined and perceived by workers, economists and policy-makers, and what measures and policies were taken against it by the party-state. This analysis offers an insight into the understanding of work in state socialism and the so-called “socialist economy”. My research shows that labour relations were defined by the principles of the Marxist economy implemented by the state institutions, but they were not static, being related to – among other factors – labour shortages, gender norms, memory of prewar (capitalist) relations, and the party-state’s search for legitimization.
},
keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, poland, socialism, unemployment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The chapter explores how “joblessness” was described, defined and perceived by workers, economists and policy-makers, and what measures and policies were taken against it by the party-state. This analysis offers an insight into the understanding of work in state socialism and the so-called “socialist economy”. My research shows that labour relations were defined by the principles of the Marxist economy implemented by the state institutions, but they were not static, being related to – among other factors – labour shortages, gender norms, memory of prewar (capitalist) relations, and the party-state’s search for legitimization.
Jarska, Natalia
Female Breadwinners in State Socialism: The Value of Women’s Work for Wages in Post-Stalinist Poland Journal Article
In: Contemporary European History, vol. 4, pp. 469-483, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, gender, poland, public opinion, socialism, sociology
@article{nokey,
title = {Female Breadwinners in State Socialism: The Value of Women’s Work for Wages in Post-Stalinist Poland},
author = {Natalia Jarska},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Contemporary European History},
volume = {4},
pages = {469-483},
abstract = {This article examines popular opinion about women’s wage work in the late 1950s and early 1960s in Poland, using letters to institutions and sociological research from this period. It introduces the notion of female breadwinning as a useful category to describe the understanding of women’s wage work under state socialism. Opinions on women’s wage work varied, but all of them were based on gender assumptions. Women’s and men’s work were valued differently. Men’s work had an indisputable, independent position. Women’s work was evaluated in the context of family.
},
keywords = {20th century, gender, poland, public opinion, socialism, sociology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article examines popular opinion about women’s wage work in the late 1950s and early 1960s in Poland, using letters to institutions and sociological research from this period. It introduces the notion of female breadwinning as a useful category to describe the understanding of women’s wage work under state socialism. Opinions on women’s wage work varied, but all of them were based on gender assumptions. Women’s and men’s work were valued differently. Men’s work had an indisputable, independent position. Women’s work was evaluated in the context of family.
Mironov, Alexandru-Murad
Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik in Rumänien [Economic and Social Policy in Romania] Book Chapter
In: Backes, Uwe; Heydemann, Günther; Vollnhals, Clemens (Ed.): Staatssozialismen im Vergleich: Staatspartei – Sozialpolitik – Opposition, pp. 327-346, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, central and eastern europe, economic and social policy, romania, socialism
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik in Rumänien [Economic and Social Policy in Romania]},
author = {Alexandru-Murad Mironov},
editor = {Uwe Backes and Günther Heydemann and Clemens Vollnhals},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Staatssozialismen im Vergleich: Staatspartei – Sozialpolitik – Opposition},
pages = {327-346},
abstract = {This chapter explores the 1980s in Socialist Romania from a social and economic point of view. During this period, the state continued to improve the living conditions and to grant rights to a population that experienced modernization quite late. However, its requirements changed dramatically after 1980 as the early influences of consumerism began to be felt. Despite having two relatively good decades – probably the best in the whole of the twentieth century – the 80s practically placed Romania last in Europe in almost all development indicators. The economic crises, all sorts of shortages and growing discontent led to the Revolution of December 1989, succeeding to unite the workers, peasants, retirees, and the urban population against the political regime of Nicolae Ceausescu.
},
keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, economic and social policy, romania, socialism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This chapter explores the 1980s in Socialist Romania from a social and economic point of view. During this period, the state continued to improve the living conditions and to grant rights to a population that experienced modernization quite late. However, its requirements changed dramatically after 1980 as the early influences of consumerism began to be felt. Despite having two relatively good decades – probably the best in the whole of the twentieth century – the 80s practically placed Romania last in Europe in almost all development indicators. The economic crises, all sorts of shortages and growing discontent led to the Revolution of December 1989, succeeding to unite the workers, peasants, retirees, and the urban population against the political regime of Nicolae Ceausescu.
Suodenjoki, Sami
Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914 Book Chapter
In: Regan, Joe; Smith, Cathal (Ed.): Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914, pp. 170-184, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, finland, labour movements, socialism, working class
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914},
author = {Sami Suodenjoki},
editor = {Joe Regan and Cathal Smith},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914},
pages = {170-184},
abstract = {This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
},
keywords = {19th century, 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, finland, labour movements, socialism, working class},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
2018
Jarska, Natalia
The Periphery Revisited: Polish Post-war Historiography on the Working Class and the New Global Labour History Journal Article
In: European Review of History, vol. 25, iss. 1, pp. 45-60, 2018.
Abstract | Tags: central and eastern europe, global labour history, historiography, poland, socialism, working class
@article{nokey,
title = {The Periphery Revisited: Polish Post-war Historiography on the Working Class and the New Global Labour History},
author = {Natalia Jarska},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {European Review of History},
volume = {25},
issue = {1},
pages = {45-60},
abstract = {After 1945, Polish historiography was circumscribed by political and ideological considerations; however – except during the brief Stalinist period (1951–56) – Marxist methodology was not imposed or applied uncritically. In fact, discussions about the role of the working class in history that began after 1956 generated research interest in new groups of workers and labour relations. Much of this research concerns recently highlighted aspects of labour history, such as marginal groups of workers or free versus unfree labour.
},
keywords = {central and eastern europe, global labour history, historiography, poland, socialism, working class},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
After 1945, Polish historiography was circumscribed by political and ideological considerations; however – except during the brief Stalinist period (1951–56) – Marxist methodology was not imposed or applied uncritically. In fact, discussions about the role of the working class in history that began after 1956 generated research interest in new groups of workers and labour relations. Much of this research concerns recently highlighted aspects of labour history, such as marginal groups of workers or free versus unfree labour.
2017
Ćeranić, Goran
Montenegrin entrepreneurs’ material position and their self-assessment of business success Journal Article
In: Социологические исследования. Руска академија наук, vol. 4, pp. 116-121, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, business history, central and eastern europe, montenegro, socialism
@article{nokey,
title = {Montenegrin entrepreneurs’ material position and their self-assessment of business success},
author = {Goran Ćeranić},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Социологические исследования. Руска академија наук},
volume = {4},
pages = {116-121},
abstract = {No matter what the trends are, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs emerge as a response to the current historical developmental requirements. As an old, but still current business philosophy, entrepreneurship gets “activated” both in the developed market economies as well as in the transitioning ones. In Montenegro, this issue has been particularly important. For a number of years a specific entrepreneurial activity went on caused by our country’s delicate position, which further influenced the slow development of entrepreneurial sector in comparison to other Eastern European countries. In addition to analyzing the material position of entrepreneurial group in the socialist era, we have tried to determine to what extent this group has changed in the post-socialist period. It is obvious that this era has seen a rise in the economic power of entrepreneurs and their material standards, therefore, these issues will be the main subject of this work.
},
keywords = {20th century, business history, central and eastern europe, montenegro, socialism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
No matter what the trends are, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs emerge as a response to the current historical developmental requirements. As an old, but still current business philosophy, entrepreneurship gets “activated” both in the developed market economies as well as in the transitioning ones. In Montenegro, this issue has been particularly important. For a number of years a specific entrepreneurial activity went on caused by our country’s delicate position, which further influenced the slow development of entrepreneurial sector in comparison to other Eastern European countries. In addition to analyzing the material position of entrepreneurial group in the socialist era, we have tried to determine to what extent this group has changed in the post-socialist period. It is obvious that this era has seen a rise in the economic power of entrepreneurs and their material standards, therefore, these issues will be the main subject of this work.
2015
Casu, Igor
The Fate of Stalinist Victims in Soviet Moldavia After 1953: Amnesty, Pardon and the Long Road to Rehabilitation Book Chapter
In: McDermott, Kevin; Stibbe, Matthew (Ed.): De-Stalinising Eastern Europe: The Rehabilitation of Stalin’s Victims After 1953, pp. 186-203, 2015.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, central and eastern europe, forced labour, socialism, soviet union
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Fate of Stalinist Victims in Soviet Moldavia After 1953: Amnesty, Pardon and the Long Road to Rehabilitation},
author = {Igor Casu},
editor = {Kevin McDermott and Matthew Stibbe},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {De-Stalinising Eastern Europe: The Rehabilitation of Stalin’s Victims After 1953},
pages = {186-203},
abstract = {The study refers to a long-neglected aspect of the post-Stalinist period in Soviet Moldavia, namely the fate of the people repressed before 1953 by being sent to Siberia and Kazakhstan with their whole families, including aged and ill members. Based on a large set of documents, including the former KGB in Chișinău, the study shows the limits of rehabilitation after 1953 up to the late 1970s- early 1980s and the perpetuation of discrimination to a certain extent to large social strata targeted indiscriminately by the Stalinist terror.
},
keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, forced labour, socialism, soviet union},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The study refers to a long-neglected aspect of the post-Stalinist period in Soviet Moldavia, namely the fate of the people repressed before 1953 by being sent to Siberia and Kazakhstan with their whole families, including aged and ill members. Based on a large set of documents, including the former KGB in Chișinău, the study shows the limits of rehabilitation after 1953 up to the late 1970s- early 1980s and the perpetuation of discrimination to a certain extent to large social strata targeted indiscriminately by the Stalinist terror.
2014
Casu, Igor (Ed.)
At the Origins of Sovietization of Bessarabia: Identification of Class Enemies, Confiscations of Property and Work Mobilization in Moldavian SSR, 1940-1941. Collection
2014, ((in Russian, with summary and names of the documents in English and Romanian)).
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, forced labour, socialism, soviet union
@collection{nokey,
title = {At the Origins of Sovietization of Bessarabia: Identification of Class Enemies, Confiscations of Property and Work Mobilization in Moldavian SSR, 1940-1941.},
editor = {Igor Casu},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
abstract = {The volume contains documents from former party and state archives of Soviet Moldavia, in Chișinău. It covers three main topics that overall anticipates the beginning of mass repression in Moldavian SSR as well as in other new Soviet Western borderlands in May-June 1941 just days before the German-Soviet war. Thus, it focuses on issues such as the way the Soviet political police and other agencies identified the class enemies, interrogated them about their properties, their political affiliations and other issues. The third main topic covered in the volume pertains to mass forced work mobilization in Ukraine, Russia and other Soviet republics.
},
note = {(in Russian, with summary and names of the documents in English and Romanian)},
keywords = {20th century, forced labour, socialism, soviet union},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
The volume contains documents from former party and state archives of Soviet Moldavia, in Chișinău. It covers three main topics that overall anticipates the beginning of mass repression in Moldavian SSR as well as in other new Soviet Western borderlands in May-June 1941 just days before the German-Soviet war. Thus, it focuses on issues such as the way the Soviet political police and other agencies identified the class enemies, interrogated them about their properties, their political affiliations and other issues. The third main topic covered in the volume pertains to mass forced work mobilization in Ukraine, Russia and other Soviet republics.
Centrih, Lev
The Road to Collapse: The Demise of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. Online
2014, visited: 01.01.2014.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, central and eastern europe, socialism, work brigades, yugoslavia
@online{nokey,
title = {The Road to Collapse: The Demise of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.},
author = {Lev Centrih},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
abstract = {The publication is indirectly connected to the COST Action’s topic. Author explores dynamics of the systemic changes in socialist Yugoslavia 1945–1991. Findings are relevant for the author’s present interest in atypical forms of labour. League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the leading political force in the country: after the second world war the Party initiated reconstruction campaigns which included phenomenon of “working brigades” . These labour arrangements were neither completely free but not completely compulsory either.
},
keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, socialism, work brigades, yugoslavia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The publication is indirectly connected to the COST Action’s topic. Author explores dynamics of the systemic changes in socialist Yugoslavia 1945–1991. Findings are relevant for the author’s present interest in atypical forms of labour. League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the leading political force in the country: after the second world war the Party initiated reconstruction campaigns which included phenomenon of “working brigades” . These labour arrangements were neither completely free but not completely compulsory either.
2013
нгелова, Милена
Безсмъртният герой като колега: колективният ритуал “Героят е винаги в строя” (1977-1989) [The Immortal Hero as a Co-worker: The Collective ritual “The Hero is Always in Our Lines”, 1977-1989] Book Chapter
In: Koleva, Daniela (Ed.): Death under Socialism: Heroics and Postheroics, pp. 115-128, 2013.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, bulgaria, central and eastern europe, socialism, work brigades
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Безсмъртният герой като колега: колективният ритуал “Героят е винаги в строя” (1977-1989) [The Immortal Hero as a Co-worker: The Collective ritual “The Hero is Always in Our Lines”, 1977-1989]},
author = {Милена нгелова},
editor = {Daniela Koleva},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
urldate = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Death under Socialism: Heroics and Postheroics},
pages = {115-128},
abstract = {The campaign “The Hero is Always in Our Lines” was designed as a state initiative in Bulgaria in the 1970s as a part of the ideological scenarios of late communist rule. The Bulgarian version of the campaign was a response to the similar Soviet initiative “For you and for that boy”. The basic idea was that work brigades (units) had to choose died communist heroes as their “patrons” in order to sustain their memory. The heroes were enlisted in the payroll and the work brigades fulfilled additional work assignments on their behalf and received their wages.
},
keywords = {20th century, bulgaria, central and eastern europe, socialism, work brigades},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The campaign “The Hero is Always in Our Lines” was designed as a state initiative in Bulgaria in the 1970s as a part of the ideological scenarios of late communist rule. The Bulgarian version of the campaign was a response to the similar Soviet initiative “For you and for that boy”. The basic idea was that work brigades (units) had to choose died communist heroes as their “patrons” in order to sustain their memory. The heroes were enlisted in the payroll and the work brigades fulfilled additional work assignments on their behalf and received their wages.
Bartha, Eszter
Alienating Labour: Workers on the Road from Socialism to Capitalism in East Germany and Hungary. Book
2013.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, capitalism, economic and social policy, german democratic republic, germany, hungary, post-socialism, socialism, working class
@book{nokey,
title = {Alienating Labour: Workers on the Road from Socialism to Capitalism in East Germany and Hungary.},
author = {Eszter Bartha},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
urldate = {2013-01-01},
abstract = {The state socialist regimes in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the “masses” with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy – successful at the outset – in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers’ state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.
},
keywords = {20th century, capitalism, economic and social policy, german democratic republic, germany, hungary, post-socialism, socialism, working class},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The state socialist regimes in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the “masses” with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy – successful at the outset – in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers’ state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.
2012
Casu, Igor
Political Repressions in Moldavian SSR after 1956: Towards a Typology Based on KGB files Journal Article
In: Dystopia. Journal of Totalitarian Ideologies and Regimes, vol. 1-2, pp. 89-127, 2012.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, socialism, soviet union
@article{nokey,
title = {Political Repressions in Moldavian SSR after 1956: Towards a Typology Based on KGB files},
author = {Igor Casu },
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Dystopia. Journal of Totalitarian Ideologies and Regimes},
volume = {1-2},
pages = {89-127},
abstract = {The article is the first attempt to reconstitute the scale, nature and methods opposition to the Soviet regime in Moldavian SSR after Stalin’s death. The author stresses the fact that even though there is no mass repression after 1953, the regime retained its main characteristics such as one-party rule, censorship, prohibition of market relations and private property and the leading role of civil and political police in controlling all forms of social and individual life.
},
keywords = {20th century, socialism, soviet union},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The article is the first attempt to reconstitute the scale, nature and methods opposition to the Soviet regime in Moldavian SSR after Stalin’s death. The author stresses the fact that even though there is no mass repression after 1953, the regime retained its main characteristics such as one-party rule, censorship, prohibition of market relations and private property and the leading role of civil and political police in controlling all forms of social and individual life.
2010
Milićević, Nataša
Neke forme prinudnog rada u Srbiji 1944-1950 [Certain Types of Forced Labour in Serbia 1944-1950] Book Chapter
In: Gajger, Vladimir; Grahek-Ravančić, Martina; Karakaš-Obradov, Marica (Ed.): Logori, zatvori i prisilni rad u Hrvatskoj/Jugoslaviji 1941-1945 [Camps, prisons and forced labour in Croatia/Yugoslavia 1941-1945, 1945-1951], pp. 183-203, 2010.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, central and eastern europe, forced labour, serbia, socialism
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Neke forme prinudnog rada u Srbiji 1944-1950 [Certain Types of Forced Labour in Serbia 1944-1950]},
author = {Nataša Milićević},
editor = {Vladimir Gajger and Martina Grahek-Ravančić and Marica Karakaš-Obradov},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
booktitle = {Logori, zatvori i prisilni rad u Hrvatskoj/Jugoslaviji 1941-1945 [Camps, prisons and forced labour in Croatia/Yugoslavia 1941-1945, 1945-1951]},
pages = {183-203},
abstract = {The paper focuses on different forms of forced labour in Serbia after WW II. The topic of the analyis is also the attitude and the vocabulary of Communist authorities. They often used terms like “mobilization”, “volunteer labour”, “required servise”, “required work”. The affected social groups were particularly observed. Such gropus were Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans), war prisoners, prison inmates, “volunteers”. The article explains who was hiding behind terms like “unproductive” or “enemy” elements.
},
keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, forced labour, serbia, socialism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The paper focuses on different forms of forced labour in Serbia after WW II. The topic of the analyis is also the attitude and the vocabulary of Communist authorities. They often used terms like “mobilization”, “volunteer labour”, “required servise”, “required work”. The affected social groups were particularly observed. Such gropus were Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans), war prisoners, prison inmates, “volunteers”. The article explains who was hiding behind terms like “unproductive” or “enemy” elements.
2009
Milićević, Nataša
Југословенска власт и српско грађанство 1944-1950 [The Yugoslav Authorities and Serbian Bourgeoisie 1944-1950] Book
2009.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, central and eastern europe, serbia, socialism, yugoslavia
@book{nokey,
title = {Југословенска власт и српско грађанство 1944-1950 [The Yugoslav Authorities and Serbian Bourgeoisie 1944-1950]},
author = {Nataša Milićević},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
abstract = {The book investigates an encompassing all treatment of the Serbian bourgeoisie by Communist authorities. In the chapter devoted to repression, there is a part dealing with right to work of the members of the Serbian bourgeoisie. There is a survey in the book of different ideological, political and administrative measures, as well as regime pressures that influenced rights to work, or prevented perceived “enemies” within the bourgeoisie to practice certain professions.
},
keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, serbia, socialism, yugoslavia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The book investigates an encompassing all treatment of the Serbian bourgeoisie by Communist authorities. In the chapter devoted to repression, there is a part dealing with right to work of the members of the Serbian bourgeoisie. There is a survey in the book of different ideological, political and administrative measures, as well as regime pressures that influenced rights to work, or prevented perceived “enemies” within the bourgeoisie to practice certain professions.
Mironov, Alexandru-Murad
Comitetul oamenilor muncii [Workers’ committe] Journal Article
In: Arhivele Totalitarismului, vol. 1-2, pp. 221-227, 2009.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, central and eastern europe, economic and social policy, romania, socialism
@article{nokey,
title = {Comitetul oamenilor muncii [Workers’ committe]},
author = {Alexandru-Murad Mironov },
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Arhivele Totalitarismului},
volume = {1-2},
pages = {221-227},
abstract = {This paper analyzes the workers’ committees as the main instrument of control over the whole social-economical activity in Communist Romania. As the representatives of the working masses, these gatherings of employees (industrial, agricultural and commercial workers, engineers, desk clerks, teachers etc.) shared the decision-power with hierarchical appointed managers and directors. After the 1969 political decision of accelerating Socialist Romania’s economic and social development, the workers’ committee shared also the responsibility in implementing the five-year plans. Although they lacked real power, the workers’ committee soon became another instrument of control over ordinary people, by disposing of the distribution over assets and services (houses, holidays, cars).
},
keywords = {20th century, central and eastern europe, economic and social policy, romania, socialism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper analyzes the workers’ committees as the main instrument of control over the whole social-economical activity in Communist Romania. As the representatives of the working masses, these gatherings of employees (industrial, agricultural and commercial workers, engineers, desk clerks, teachers etc.) shared the decision-power with hierarchical appointed managers and directors. After the 1969 political decision of accelerating Socialist Romania’s economic and social development, the workers’ committee shared also the responsibility in implementing the five-year plans. Although they lacked real power, the workers’ committee soon became another instrument of control over ordinary people, by disposing of the distribution over assets and services (houses, holidays, cars).