Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Grammars of Dependence. A Historical Semantics Approach to Population Charters Granted by Military Orders to Muslims in Medieval Iberia Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 106-125, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = { Grammars of Dependence. A Historical Semantics Approach to Population Charters Granted by Military Orders to Muslims in Medieval Iberia },
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {106-125},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to analyse written records associated with the establishment of bonds between military orders as territorial lords and Muslims as settlers in the Christian kingdoms of medieval Iberia. These records are usually known as cartas de población or population charters and were issued in the context of the settlement of populations in a given area. Methods derived from historical semantics are applied to these texts, and the analysis explores the ways in which the existing asymmetrical power relationships were reflected not only in the contents of the charters but also in the grammar and expressions used to formulate them.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Heinemann, Julia; de Matos, Christine; Sundevall, Fia; Ahlbäck, Anders
Unpacking Coercion in Gendered War Labor Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 3, pp. 225-237, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Unpacking Coercion in Gendered War Labor},
author = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {3},
pages = {225-237},
abstract = {While in recent decades there have been growing bodies of literature on gender and war, on war and military labor, and on various forms and degrees of labor coercion, rarely have these areas – gender, coercion and war labor – been analyzed together as intersecting and interdependent themes. The special issue on Gender, War and Coerced Labor aims to fill this gap, and this introduction to the issue will not only present the five papers but also establish the three intersecting themes uniting these papers. Together the introduction and the papers contribute toward larger debates about the place of coercion, of degrees of exploitation, and of free/unfree continuums in a variety of gendered war work.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Yılmaz, Gülay
Janissaries in the Making: Coerced Labor and Chivalric Masculinity in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 3, pp. 238-255, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Janissaries in the Making: Coerced Labor and Chivalric Masculinity in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire},
author = {Gülay Yılmaz},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {3},
pages = {238-255},
abstract = {Until the late sixteenth century, the devşirme system was the main method of manning the janissary army. This was no simple conscription. It required an intense process of identity formation that transformed adolescent Christian boys into Muslim warriors fighting for Islam and the sultan. The training that the boys and young men received was composed of several aspects, including coerced labor, disciplined and harsh physical training, the learning of Turkish and Islamic practices, and a mental formation that would give them a certain perception of their manhood. This article examines these prominent components of janissary training. First, it investigates the function of coerced labor in the boys’ transformation, followed by a discussion of the centrality of structured and intensive training with weapons to become professional warriors. Second, it examines the masculine identity formed by the communal way of life in the barracks as soldiers and by notions of military prowess, brotherhood, and comrade solidarity that were strengthened through Bektashism. These dynamics are investigated through an examination of archival sources, chronicles, travelers’ writings, and poems by janissary poets.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Henshaw, Alexis
De-centering Dichotomies in Wartime Labor: Trajectories of Gender, Coercion, and Agency in the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (1964-2016) Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 2, pp. 269-286, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {De-centering Dichotomies in Wartime Labor: Trajectories of Gender, Coercion, and Agency in the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (1964-2016)},
author = {Alexis Henshaw},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {2},
pages = {269-286},
abstract = {Labor history and international relations (IR) each offer insights regarding the extent to which women contribute to non-state armed groups and the value of their labor. Yet questions remain about how agency in joining armed movements – and, conversely, the forced participation of women – are operationalized and even fetishized by observers. Positivist empirical work in IR has operationalized agency and coercion as a dichotomy in gendered wartime labor, implying that where women’s labor is coerced it may have a lesser impact on the conduct of conflict or conflict outcomes. This paper challenges the existence of an agency-coercion binary, drawing on the case of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Analyzing archival sources in a manner informed by both feminist international relations and labor history scholarship, I show the complex interplay of agency and coercion in women’s lived experience within a non-state armed group. I further reflect on how a temporal understanding of labor relations, examining coercion and choice at the moments of entry, work, and exit, contributes to a more complete understanding of the gender dynamics of wartime labor.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brooks, Emily
Coercive Patriotism: Gender, Militarism, and Auxiliary Police in New York City during World War II Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 3, pp. 287-303, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Coercive Patriotism: Gender, Militarism, and Auxiliary Police in New York City during World War II},
author = {Emily Brooks},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {3},
pages = {287-303},
abstract = {This article explores the formation and operation of an auxiliary police agency, the City Patrol Corps, created by Mayor Fiorello La Guardia in New York City during World War II. It mines the organization’s internal documents to argue that during the war New York City leaders coerced civilian men to serve in the auxiliary police force, which, in turn, exerted a coercive power over residents of the city. Both of these dynamics comprised part of a process of militarization and expanded criminalization in the city during the war, which was common in cities across the United States during these years, and which this article contends was justified through coercive patriotism. The article further explores the role of gender and race in informing New Yorkers’ motivations to join the City Patrol Corps, their experiences in the organization, and their perceptions of criminality and disorder. In the context of the war mobilization, city leaders argued that surveilling its streets and preventing crime and disorder was an essential component of the war effort. As La Guardia declared in 1940, ‘the maintenance of law and order in our large cities is one of the most important functions of our National Defense Program.’},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Barton, Deborah
‘A Female Voice is Instrumental’: Gender, Propaganda, and Coerced Labor on the Eastern Front, 1943-1945 Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 3, pp. 304-320, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {‘A Female Voice is Instrumental’: Gender, Propaganda, and Coerced Labor on the Eastern Front, 1943-1945},
author = {Deborah Barton},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {3},
pages = {304-320},
abstract = {This article examines the role of local, female propagandists utilized by the German army on the Eastern Front during WWII. Although the work they undertook aligned with postwar notions of collaboration, the propagandists’ experiences at the hands of the Wehrmacht, in a context of a violent war and repressive occupation, constitutes coerced labour in multiple forms. Regardless of the women’s motivations for working for the Wehrmacht, they entered a relationship of domination and dependence with the occupation force. While female propagandists numbered far fewer than their male counterparts, they held a particular importance for German high command who believed that their “feminine” traits, such as empathy and charm, helped the Wehrmacht influence and control the largely female civilian population. At the same time, their work on the frontlines encouraging Red Army soldiers to defect crossed traditional gender boundaries. In this task too, the women were valued for their gender with German authorities believing that Soviet soldiers, largely deprived of female contact, would be particularly receptive to the charm of a woman’s voice. Such coerced labor on behalf of the Wehrmacht rendered these women vulnerable not only to German violence, but also to Soviet accusations of collaboration and its associated reprisals.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
“Our Moors”: Military Orders and Unfree Muslims in the Kingdom of Castile Book Chapter
In: Morton, Nicholas (Ed.): The Military Orders, Vol. VII: Piety, Pugnacity and Property, pp. 139-148, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {“Our Moors”: Military Orders and Unfree Muslims in the Kingdom of Castile},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
editor = {Nicholas Morton},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-01},
urldate = {2019-09-01},
booktitle = {The Military Orders, Vol. VII: Piety, Pugnacity and Property},
pages = {139-148},
abstract = {Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile had taken over as administrators of the Order in 1487 and had also instituted the forced baptism of Muslims, thereby creating the problem. The military orders present in the Kingdom of Castile during the Middle Ages have been chosen as a case study. This chapter discusses a bigger project that aims to study the relationship between military orders and Muslims living in their Iberian lands during the Middle Ages. A significant number of the Muslims mentioned in association with military orders were slaves. Although undoubtedly many Muslim captives of the orders ended up as slaves and were appreciated for the potential role, they also held value in themselves as leverage for the liberation of Christians who had suffered the same fate. The interpretation of the partial exemption, and also the status of Muslims living under the rule of the Order, becomes even more muddled because of another contradictory account.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Ongaro, Giulio
Il lavoro militare nella prima età moderna (xvi-xvii sec.): soldati, guastatori e galeotti tra subordinazione e agency Journal Article
In: MEFRIM: Italie et Méditerranée modernes et contemporaines, vol. 131, iss. 1, pp. 15-27, 2019.
@article{nokey,
title = {Il lavoro militare nella prima età moderna (xvi-xvii sec.): soldati, guastatori e galeotti tra subordinazione e agency},
author = {Giulio Ongaro },
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
issuetitle = {L’empreinte domestique du travail},
journal = {MEFRIM: Italie et Méditerranée modernes et contemporaines},
volume = {131},
issue = {1},
pages = {15-27},
abstract = {The article aims at demonstrating that “domesticity” remained a fundamental element in the enrollment of men and, broadly, in the functioning of the military structure in spite of a supposed process of “nationalisation” of the armied between the early modern and the contemporary period. In this context, it also focuses on the agency of the soldiers, analysing different practices that affected the military structure and, broadly, the social context in which soldiers were placed.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Más Allá de la Aljama: Comunidades Musulmanas bajo el Dominio de la Orden de Calatrava en Castilla Journal Article
In: En la España Medieval, vol. 41, pp. 9-22, 2018.
@article{nokey,
title = {Más Allá de la Aljama: Comunidades Musulmanas bajo el Dominio de la Orden de Calatrava en Castilla},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {En la España Medieval},
volume = {41},
pages = {9-22},
abstract = {This article examines Muslims who lived under the rule of the military Order of Calatrava in Medieval Castile. Recent studies have shown that the presence of Muslims in the lands administered by this military order was more complex and varied than it had been previously suspected, and that it goes beyond slaves and aljamas. As a consequence, new questions must be posed as to how Muslim rural communities in these lands were framed by Christian authorities both to collect the revenue they created and regarding other aspects of everyday life.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sundevall, Fia
Military Education for Non-Military Purposes: Economic and Social Governing Projects Targeting Conscripts in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden Journal Article
In: History of Education Review, vol. 46, iss. 1, pp. 58-71, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {Military Education for Non-Military Purposes: Economic and Social Governing Projects Targeting Conscripts in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden},
author = {Fia Sundevall},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {History of Education Review},
volume = {46},
issue = {1},
pages = {58-71},
abstract = {The article explores mandatory military service – a means to recruit and train male citizens for military labour through force – as a tool and arena for solving various social and economic problems such as mass unemployment, alcohol abuse, and elementary education deficiencies, as well as shortages of skilled personnel in particular branches of great importance for the nation’s economy.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tărîță, Marius
The Policy of the Party’s Organization in the Lipcani District of the Moldavian SSR in 1944-1945 Book Chapter
In: Radu, Sorin; Budeancă, Cosmin (Ed.): Countryside and communism in Eastern Europe. Perceptions. Attitude. Propaganda, pp. 79-84, 2016.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Policy of the Party’s Organization in the Lipcani District of the Moldavian SSR in 1944-1945},
author = {Marius Tărîță},
editor = {Sorin Radu and Cosmin Budeancă},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Countryside and communism in Eastern Europe. Perceptions. Attitude. Propaganda},
pages = {79-84},
abstract = {This article reflects the archive info concerning the authorities attitude in a little district (0,5 square km) during the last year of war. During that year the power there was shared by military and functionaries of Communist Party branch. In fact the military abused of their tools in imposing the peasants to contribute with grains for so-called State reserve. In internal discussions the fails were explained (transferred) through rich peasant origin of schools staff. A number of young were recruited to the Army and sent to front. Others were used in agricultural activities. The authorities treated the inhabitants of the district as persons with duties in face of state and imposed the lack of any choice.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Moros al Servicio de las Órdenes Militares en Castilla: Algunas Reflexiones Conference
Actas del XIII Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo Celebrado en Teruel, 4-5 septiembre de 2014, 2014.
@conference{nokey,
title = {Moros al Servicio de las Órdenes Militares en Castilla: Algunas Reflexiones},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-05},
urldate = {2014-09-05},
booktitle = {Actas del XIII Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo Celebrado en Teruel, 4-5 septiembre de 2014},
pages = {191-200},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Ivanović, Miloš
Razvitak vojne službe kao osnov formiranja vlasteoskog sloja u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi [Development of Military Service as Foundation for Creation of Nobility in Medieval Serbia] Journal Article
In: Vojnoistorijski glasnik [Military Historical Review], vol. 1, pp. 30-48, 2014.
@article{nokey,
title = {Razvitak vojne službe kao osnov formiranja vlasteoskog sloja u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi [Development of Military Service as Foundation for Creation of Nobility in Medieval Serbia]},
author = {Miloš Ivanović},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Vojnoistorijski glasnik [Military Historical Review]},
volume = {1},
pages = {30-48},
abstract = {Occasional submission of Serbian lands to Byzantine Empire or Bulgaria slow down creation of local elites. Process of political emancipation from Byzantine rule, which started in Doclea during 11th and its successful continuation in Raska during 12th century wouldn’t be feasible without existence of group of professional soldiers”. Confirmation could be found in writings of Byzantine writers as well in certain archeological sites. By the end of 12th century in Serbia appeared new type of soldier – armored cavalryman. Almost simultaneously appeared group of dependent inhabitants tied to land which was supposed to secure nobility with sufficient revenues. By the beginning of 13th century in hagiographies and charts beside nobility as separate social category appeared soldiers. Analyses of sources showed that both belonged to the class of warriors while nobility was entitled to higher titles and governing positions. In time, soldiers stop being separate social category and enter the ranks of nobility whose main obligation was warfare. By the mid-14th century this was confirmed by the Emperor Dusan Code. Thanks to its privileges nobility clearly differed from Vlachs among whom some were obliged to participate in war.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2023
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Grammars of Dependence. A Historical Semantics Approach to Population Charters Granted by Military Orders to Muslims in Medieval Iberia Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 106-125, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: historical semantics, iberia, medieval history, military, muslims, spain
@article{nokey,
title = { Grammars of Dependence. A Historical Semantics Approach to Population Charters Granted by Military Orders to Muslims in Medieval Iberia },
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {106-125},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to analyse written records associated with the establishment of bonds between military orders as territorial lords and Muslims as settlers in the Christian kingdoms of medieval Iberia. These records are usually known as cartas de población or population charters and were issued in the context of the settlement of populations in a given area. Methods derived from historical semantics are applied to these texts, and the analysis explores the ways in which the existing asymmetrical power relationships were reflected not only in the contents of the charters but also in the grammar and expressions used to formulate them.},
keywords = {historical semantics, iberia, medieval history, military, muslims, spain},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Heinemann, Julia; de Matos, Christine; Sundevall, Fia; Ahlbäck, Anders
Unpacking Coercion in Gendered War Labor Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 3, pp. 225-237, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: gender, military, war
@article{nokey,
title = {Unpacking Coercion in Gendered War Labor},
author = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {3},
pages = {225-237},
abstract = {While in recent decades there have been growing bodies of literature on gender and war, on war and military labor, and on various forms and degrees of labor coercion, rarely have these areas – gender, coercion and war labor – been analyzed together as intersecting and interdependent themes. The special issue on Gender, War and Coerced Labor aims to fill this gap, and this introduction to the issue will not only present the five papers but also establish the three intersecting themes uniting these papers. Together the introduction and the papers contribute toward larger debates about the place of coercion, of degrees of exploitation, and of free/unfree continuums in a variety of gendered war work.},
keywords = {gender, military, war},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Yılmaz, Gülay
Janissaries in the Making: Coerced Labor and Chivalric Masculinity in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 3, pp. 238-255, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: early modern history, gender, military, ottoman empire, war
@article{nokey,
title = {Janissaries in the Making: Coerced Labor and Chivalric Masculinity in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire},
author = {Gülay Yılmaz},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {3},
pages = {238-255},
abstract = {Until the late sixteenth century, the devşirme system was the main method of manning the janissary army. This was no simple conscription. It required an intense process of identity formation that transformed adolescent Christian boys into Muslim warriors fighting for Islam and the sultan. The training that the boys and young men received was composed of several aspects, including coerced labor, disciplined and harsh physical training, the learning of Turkish and Islamic practices, and a mental formation that would give them a certain perception of their manhood. This article examines these prominent components of janissary training. First, it investigates the function of coerced labor in the boys’ transformation, followed by a discussion of the centrality of structured and intensive training with weapons to become professional warriors. Second, it examines the masculine identity formed by the communal way of life in the barracks as soldiers and by notions of military prowess, brotherhood, and comrade solidarity that were strengthened through Bektashism. These dynamics are investigated through an examination of archival sources, chronicles, travelers’ writings, and poems by janissary poets.},
keywords = {early modern history, gender, military, ottoman empire, war},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Henshaw, Alexis
De-centering Dichotomies in Wartime Labor: Trajectories of Gender, Coercion, and Agency in the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (1964-2016) Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 2, pp. 269-286, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, colombia, contemporary, gender, latin america, military, war
@article{nokey,
title = {De-centering Dichotomies in Wartime Labor: Trajectories of Gender, Coercion, and Agency in the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (1964-2016)},
author = {Alexis Henshaw},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {2},
pages = {269-286},
abstract = {Labor history and international relations (IR) each offer insights regarding the extent to which women contribute to non-state armed groups and the value of their labor. Yet questions remain about how agency in joining armed movements – and, conversely, the forced participation of women – are operationalized and even fetishized by observers. Positivist empirical work in IR has operationalized agency and coercion as a dichotomy in gendered wartime labor, implying that where women’s labor is coerced it may have a lesser impact on the conduct of conflict or conflict outcomes. This paper challenges the existence of an agency-coercion binary, drawing on the case of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Analyzing archival sources in a manner informed by both feminist international relations and labor history scholarship, I show the complex interplay of agency and coercion in women’s lived experience within a non-state armed group. I further reflect on how a temporal understanding of labor relations, examining coercion and choice at the moments of entry, work, and exit, contributes to a more complete understanding of the gender dynamics of wartime labor.},
keywords = {20th century, colombia, contemporary, gender, latin america, military, war},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brooks, Emily
Coercive Patriotism: Gender, Militarism, and Auxiliary Police in New York City during World War II Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 3, pp. 287-303, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: gender, military, police, united states, war
@article{nokey,
title = {Coercive Patriotism: Gender, Militarism, and Auxiliary Police in New York City during World War II},
author = {Emily Brooks},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {3},
pages = {287-303},
abstract = {This article explores the formation and operation of an auxiliary police agency, the City Patrol Corps, created by Mayor Fiorello La Guardia in New York City during World War II. It mines the organization’s internal documents to argue that during the war New York City leaders coerced civilian men to serve in the auxiliary police force, which, in turn, exerted a coercive power over residents of the city. Both of these dynamics comprised part of a process of militarization and expanded criminalization in the city during the war, which was common in cities across the United States during these years, and which this article contends was justified through coercive patriotism. The article further explores the role of gender and race in informing New Yorkers’ motivations to join the City Patrol Corps, their experiences in the organization, and their perceptions of criminality and disorder. In the context of the war mobilization, city leaders argued that surveilling its streets and preventing crime and disorder was an essential component of the war effort. As La Guardia declared in 1940, ‘the maintenance of law and order in our large cities is one of the most important functions of our National Defense Program.’},
keywords = {gender, military, police, united states, war},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Barton, Deborah
‘A Female Voice is Instrumental’: Gender, Propaganda, and Coerced Labor on the Eastern Front, 1943-1945 Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 64, iss. 3, pp. 304-320, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, gender, germany, military, soviet union, war
@article{nokey,
title = {‘A Female Voice is Instrumental’: Gender, Propaganda, and Coerced Labor on the Eastern Front, 1943-1945},
author = {Deborah Barton},
editor = {Julia Heinemann and Christine de Matos and Fia Sundevall and Anders Ahlbäck},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
issuetitle = {Gender, War and Coerced Labor},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {64},
issue = {3},
pages = {304-320},
abstract = {This article examines the role of local, female propagandists utilized by the German army on the Eastern Front during WWII. Although the work they undertook aligned with postwar notions of collaboration, the propagandists’ experiences at the hands of the Wehrmacht, in a context of a violent war and repressive occupation, constitutes coerced labour in multiple forms. Regardless of the women’s motivations for working for the Wehrmacht, they entered a relationship of domination and dependence with the occupation force. While female propagandists numbered far fewer than their male counterparts, they held a particular importance for German high command who believed that their “feminine” traits, such as empathy and charm, helped the Wehrmacht influence and control the largely female civilian population. At the same time, their work on the frontlines encouraging Red Army soldiers to defect crossed traditional gender boundaries. In this task too, the women were valued for their gender with German authorities believing that Soviet soldiers, largely deprived of female contact, would be particularly receptive to the charm of a woman’s voice. Such coerced labor on behalf of the Wehrmacht rendered these women vulnerable not only to German violence, but also to Soviet accusations of collaboration and its associated reprisals.},
keywords = {20th century, gender, germany, military, soviet union, war},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2019
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
“Our Moors”: Military Orders and Unfree Muslims in the Kingdom of Castile Book Chapter
In: Morton, Nicholas (Ed.): The Military Orders, Vol. VII: Piety, Pugnacity and Property, pp. 139-148, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: medieval history, military, muslims, spain
@inbook{nokey,
title = {“Our Moors”: Military Orders and Unfree Muslims in the Kingdom of Castile},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
editor = {Nicholas Morton},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-01},
urldate = {2019-09-01},
booktitle = {The Military Orders, Vol. VII: Piety, Pugnacity and Property},
pages = {139-148},
abstract = {Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile had taken over as administrators of the Order in 1487 and had also instituted the forced baptism of Muslims, thereby creating the problem. The military orders present in the Kingdom of Castile during the Middle Ages have been chosen as a case study. This chapter discusses a bigger project that aims to study the relationship between military orders and Muslims living in their Iberian lands during the Middle Ages. A significant number of the Muslims mentioned in association with military orders were slaves. Although undoubtedly many Muslim captives of the orders ended up as slaves and were appreciated for the potential role, they also held value in themselves as leverage for the liberation of Christians who had suffered the same fate. The interpretation of the partial exemption, and also the status of Muslims living under the rule of the Order, becomes even more muddled because of another contradictory account.
},
keywords = {medieval history, military, muslims, spain},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Ongaro, Giulio
Il lavoro militare nella prima età moderna (xvi-xvii sec.): soldati, guastatori e galeotti tra subordinazione e agency Journal Article
In: MEFRIM: Italie et Méditerranée modernes et contemporaines, vol. 131, iss. 1, pp. 15-27, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: early modern history, military
@article{nokey,
title = {Il lavoro militare nella prima età moderna (xvi-xvii sec.): soldati, guastatori e galeotti tra subordinazione e agency},
author = {Giulio Ongaro },
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
issuetitle = {L’empreinte domestique du travail},
journal = {MEFRIM: Italie et Méditerranée modernes et contemporaines},
volume = {131},
issue = {1},
pages = {15-27},
abstract = {The article aims at demonstrating that “domesticity” remained a fundamental element in the enrollment of men and, broadly, in the functioning of the military structure in spite of a supposed process of “nationalisation” of the armied between the early modern and the contemporary period. In this context, it also focuses on the agency of the soldiers, analysing different practices that affected the military structure and, broadly, the social context in which soldiers were placed.
},
keywords = {early modern history, military},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2018
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Más Allá de la Aljama: Comunidades Musulmanas bajo el Dominio de la Orden de Calatrava en Castilla Journal Article
In: En la España Medieval, vol. 41, pp. 9-22, 2018.
Abstract | Tags: medieval history, military, muslims, religion, spain
@article{nokey,
title = {Más Allá de la Aljama: Comunidades Musulmanas bajo el Dominio de la Orden de Calatrava en Castilla},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {En la España Medieval},
volume = {41},
pages = {9-22},
abstract = {This article examines Muslims who lived under the rule of the military Order of Calatrava in Medieval Castile. Recent studies have shown that the presence of Muslims in the lands administered by this military order was more complex and varied than it had been previously suspected, and that it goes beyond slaves and aljamas. As a consequence, new questions must be posed as to how Muslim rural communities in these lands were framed by Christian authorities both to collect the revenue they created and regarding other aspects of everyday life.},
keywords = {medieval history, military, muslims, religion, spain},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2017
Sundevall, Fia
Military Education for Non-Military Purposes: Economic and Social Governing Projects Targeting Conscripts in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden Journal Article
In: History of Education Review, vol. 46, iss. 1, pp. 58-71, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, economic and social policy, education, military, scandinavia, social control, sweden
@article{nokey,
title = {Military Education for Non-Military Purposes: Economic and Social Governing Projects Targeting Conscripts in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden},
author = {Fia Sundevall},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {History of Education Review},
volume = {46},
issue = {1},
pages = {58-71},
abstract = {The article explores mandatory military service – a means to recruit and train male citizens for military labour through force – as a tool and arena for solving various social and economic problems such as mass unemployment, alcohol abuse, and elementary education deficiencies, as well as shortages of skilled personnel in particular branches of great importance for the nation’s economy.
},
keywords = {20th century, economic and social policy, education, military, scandinavia, social control, sweden},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2016
Tărîță, Marius
The Policy of the Party’s Organization in the Lipcani District of the Moldavian SSR in 1944-1945 Book Chapter
In: Radu, Sorin; Budeancă, Cosmin (Ed.): Countryside and communism in Eastern Europe. Perceptions. Attitude. Propaganda, pp. 79-84, 2016.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, military, moldova
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Policy of the Party’s Organization in the Lipcani District of the Moldavian SSR in 1944-1945},
author = {Marius Tărîță},
editor = {Sorin Radu and Cosmin Budeancă},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Countryside and communism in Eastern Europe. Perceptions. Attitude. Propaganda},
pages = {79-84},
abstract = {This article reflects the archive info concerning the authorities attitude in a little district (0,5 square km) during the last year of war. During that year the power there was shared by military and functionaries of Communist Party branch. In fact the military abused of their tools in imposing the peasants to contribute with grains for so-called State reserve. In internal discussions the fails were explained (transferred) through rich peasant origin of schools staff. A number of young were recruited to the Army and sent to front. Others were used in agricultural activities. The authorities treated the inhabitants of the district as persons with duties in face of state and imposed the lack of any choice.
},
keywords = {20th century, military, moldova},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2014
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Moros al Servicio de las Órdenes Militares en Castilla: Algunas Reflexiones Conference
Actas del XIII Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo Celebrado en Teruel, 4-5 septiembre de 2014, 2014.
Tags: medieval history, military, muslims, spain
@conference{nokey,
title = {Moros al Servicio de las Órdenes Militares en Castilla: Algunas Reflexiones},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-05},
urldate = {2014-09-05},
booktitle = {Actas del XIII Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo Celebrado en Teruel, 4-5 septiembre de 2014},
pages = {191-200},
keywords = {medieval history, military, muslims, spain},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Ivanović, Miloš
Razvitak vojne službe kao osnov formiranja vlasteoskog sloja u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi [Development of Military Service as Foundation for Creation of Nobility in Medieval Serbia] Journal Article
In: Vojnoistorijski glasnik [Military Historical Review], vol. 1, pp. 30-48, 2014.
Abstract | Tags: central and eastern europe, medieval history, military, serbia
@article{nokey,
title = {Razvitak vojne službe kao osnov formiranja vlasteoskog sloja u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi [Development of Military Service as Foundation for Creation of Nobility in Medieval Serbia]},
author = {Miloš Ivanović},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Vojnoistorijski glasnik [Military Historical Review]},
volume = {1},
pages = {30-48},
abstract = {Occasional submission of Serbian lands to Byzantine Empire or Bulgaria slow down creation of local elites. Process of political emancipation from Byzantine rule, which started in Doclea during 11th and its successful continuation in Raska during 12th century wouldn’t be feasible without existence of group of professional soldiers”. Confirmation could be found in writings of Byzantine writers as well in certain archeological sites. By the end of 12th century in Serbia appeared new type of soldier – armored cavalryman. Almost simultaneously appeared group of dependent inhabitants tied to land which was supposed to secure nobility with sufficient revenues. By the beginning of 13th century in hagiographies and charts beside nobility as separate social category appeared soldiers. Analyses of sources showed that both belonged to the class of warriors while nobility was entitled to higher titles and governing positions. In time, soldiers stop being separate social category and enter the ranks of nobility whose main obligation was warfare. By the mid-14th century this was confirmed by the Emperor Dusan Code. Thanks to its privileges nobility clearly differed from Vlachs among whom some were obliged to participate in war.
},
keywords = {central and eastern europe, medieval history, military, serbia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}