1.
Sarti, Raffaella
From Slaves and Servants to Citizens? Regulating Dependency, Race, and Gender in Revolutionary France and the French West Indies Journal Article
In: International Review of Social History , vol. 67, iss. 1, pp. 65-95, 2021.
@article{nokey,
title = {From Slaves and Servants to Citizens? Regulating Dependency, Race, and Gender in Revolutionary France and the French West Indies},
author = {Raffaella Sarti},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {International Review of Social History },
volume = {67},
issue = {1},
pages = {65-95},
abstract = {A crucial aspect of the regulation of domestic service is the regulation of people's status. Because of its emphasis on freedom and equality, the French Revolution is particularly interesting. “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on considerations of the common good.” These principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (26 August 1789) did not seem to leave room for slavery and master/servant hierarchies. Yet, their impact on slaves and servants was ambivalent, as I shall show by focusing on France and its Caribbean colonies. Dependency, race, and gender are crucial in my analysis. After sketching the features of servants, serfs, slaves, and indentured servants at the end of the Ancien Régime, I will analyse how the Revolution affected them, focusing on serfs and servants in metropolitan France, on black colonial slaves, and on female slaves and servants. While I investigate the “French imperial nation-State”, I will also provide some comparison with the American case. The Revolution led to a feminization of dependence both in metropolitan France and in the French Caribbean, making dependence more gendered. It abolished serfdom and slavery, and enfranchised male domestiques. Thus, on the one hand, it was really revolutionary; on the other, colonial slavery was first replaced by bonded labour and then reintroduced. Male domestiques were enfranchised briefly and only on paper; they would be enfranchised when slavery in the French colonies was abolished (1848). Women were excluded: mistresses and maids had to wait until 1944 to become full citizens. This makes it impossible to establish clear-cut distinctions between pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary times, and in part challenges the difference between metropole and colonies.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A crucial aspect of the regulation of domestic service is the regulation of people's status. Because of its emphasis on freedom and equality, the French Revolution is particularly interesting. “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on considerations of the common good.” These principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (26 August 1789) did not seem to leave room for slavery and master/servant hierarchies. Yet, their impact on slaves and servants was ambivalent, as I shall show by focusing on France and its Caribbean colonies. Dependency, race, and gender are crucial in my analysis. After sketching the features of servants, serfs, slaves, and indentured servants at the end of the Ancien Régime, I will analyse how the Revolution affected them, focusing on serfs and servants in metropolitan France, on black colonial slaves, and on female slaves and servants. While I investigate the “French imperial nation-State”, I will also provide some comparison with the American case. The Revolution led to a feminization of dependence both in metropolitan France and in the French Caribbean, making dependence more gendered. It abolished serfdom and slavery, and enfranchised male domestiques. Thus, on the one hand, it was really revolutionary; on the other, colonial slavery was first replaced by bonded labour and then reintroduced. Male domestiques were enfranchised briefly and only on paper; they would be enfranchised when slavery in the French colonies was abolished (1848). Women were excluded: mistresses and maids had to wait until 1944 to become full citizens. This makes it impossible to establish clear-cut distinctions between pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary times, and in part challenges the difference between metropole and colonies.
2.
Brgles, Branimir
Tko se buni pod Susedgradom i Stubicom? Prilog proučavanju društvenih nemira 1565.–1573. [Who is rebelling at Susedgrad and Stubica? Contribution to the research of the 1565–1573 peasant revolts] Journal Article
In: Povijesni priloz, vol. 55, pp. 139-204, 2018.
@article{nokey,
title = {Tko se buni pod Susedgradom i Stubicom? Prilog proučavanju društvenih nemira 1565.–1573. [Who is rebelling at Susedgrad and Stubica? Contribution to the research of the 1565–1573 peasant revolts]},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Povijesni priloz},
volume = {55},
pages = {139-204},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
3.
Pizzolato, Nico
A new revolutionary practice: operaisti and the 'refusal of work' in 1970's Italy Journal Article
In: Estudos Históricos, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {A new revolutionary practice: operaisti and the 'refusal of work' in 1970's Italy},
author = {Nico Pizzolato},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Estudos Históricos},
abstract = {The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class.
4.
Sefer, Akın
From Class Solidarity to Revolution: The Radicalization of Arsenal Workers in the Late Ottoman Empire Journal Article
In: International Review of Social History, vol. 58, iss. 3, pp. 395-428, 2013.
@article{nokey,
title = {From Class Solidarity to Revolution: The Radicalization of Arsenal Workers in the Late Ottoman Empire},
author = {Akın Sefer},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {International Review of Social History},
volume = {58},
issue = {3},
pages = {395-428},
abstract = {This article introduces a bottom-up perspective to the history of the Revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire by focusing on the experiences of workers in the Imperial Arsenal (Tersane-i Amire) in Istanbul. It explores, from a class-formation perspective, the struggles and relations of Arsenal workers, including the conscripts and children employed here, from the second half of the nineteenth century until the revolution.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article introduces a bottom-up perspective to the history of the Revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire by focusing on the experiences of workers in the Imperial Arsenal (Tersane-i Amire) in Istanbul. It explores, from a class-formation perspective, the struggles and relations of Arsenal workers, including the conscripts and children employed here, from the second half of the nineteenth century until the revolution.
2021
Sarti, Raffaella
From Slaves and Servants to Citizens? Regulating Dependency, Race, and Gender in Revolutionary France and the French West Indies Journal Article
In: International Review of Social History , vol. 67, iss. 1, pp. 65-95, 2021.
Abstract | Tags: abolition, colonialism, dependency, france, gender, race, revolt and revolution, service, slavery
@article{nokey,
title = {From Slaves and Servants to Citizens? Regulating Dependency, Race, and Gender in Revolutionary France and the French West Indies},
author = {Raffaella Sarti},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {International Review of Social History },
volume = {67},
issue = {1},
pages = {65-95},
abstract = {A crucial aspect of the regulation of domestic service is the regulation of people's status. Because of its emphasis on freedom and equality, the French Revolution is particularly interesting. “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on considerations of the common good.” These principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (26 August 1789) did not seem to leave room for slavery and master/servant hierarchies. Yet, their impact on slaves and servants was ambivalent, as I shall show by focusing on France and its Caribbean colonies. Dependency, race, and gender are crucial in my analysis. After sketching the features of servants, serfs, slaves, and indentured servants at the end of the Ancien Régime, I will analyse how the Revolution affected them, focusing on serfs and servants in metropolitan France, on black colonial slaves, and on female slaves and servants. While I investigate the “French imperial nation-State”, I will also provide some comparison with the American case. The Revolution led to a feminization of dependence both in metropolitan France and in the French Caribbean, making dependence more gendered. It abolished serfdom and slavery, and enfranchised male domestiques. Thus, on the one hand, it was really revolutionary; on the other, colonial slavery was first replaced by bonded labour and then reintroduced. Male domestiques were enfranchised briefly and only on paper; they would be enfranchised when slavery in the French colonies was abolished (1848). Women were excluded: mistresses and maids had to wait until 1944 to become full citizens. This makes it impossible to establish clear-cut distinctions between pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary times, and in part challenges the difference between metropole and colonies.
},
keywords = {abolition, colonialism, dependency, france, gender, race, revolt and revolution, service, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A crucial aspect of the regulation of domestic service is the regulation of people's status. Because of its emphasis on freedom and equality, the French Revolution is particularly interesting. “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on considerations of the common good.” These principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (26 August 1789) did not seem to leave room for slavery and master/servant hierarchies. Yet, their impact on slaves and servants was ambivalent, as I shall show by focusing on France and its Caribbean colonies. Dependency, race, and gender are crucial in my analysis. After sketching the features of servants, serfs, slaves, and indentured servants at the end of the Ancien Régime, I will analyse how the Revolution affected them, focusing on serfs and servants in metropolitan France, on black colonial slaves, and on female slaves and servants. While I investigate the “French imperial nation-State”, I will also provide some comparison with the American case. The Revolution led to a feminization of dependence both in metropolitan France and in the French Caribbean, making dependence more gendered. It abolished serfdom and slavery, and enfranchised male domestiques. Thus, on the one hand, it was really revolutionary; on the other, colonial slavery was first replaced by bonded labour and then reintroduced. Male domestiques were enfranchised briefly and only on paper; they would be enfranchised when slavery in the French colonies was abolished (1848). Women were excluded: mistresses and maids had to wait until 1944 to become full citizens. This makes it impossible to establish clear-cut distinctions between pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary times, and in part challenges the difference between metropole and colonies.
2018
Brgles, Branimir
Tko se buni pod Susedgradom i Stubicom? Prilog proučavanju društvenih nemira 1565.–1573. [Who is rebelling at Susedgrad and Stubica? Contribution to the research of the 1565–1573 peasant revolts] Journal Article
In: Povijesni priloz, vol. 55, pp. 139-204, 2018.
Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, croatia, early modern history, revolt and revolution
@article{nokey,
title = {Tko se buni pod Susedgradom i Stubicom? Prilog proučavanju društvenih nemira 1565.–1573. [Who is rebelling at Susedgrad and Stubica? Contribution to the research of the 1565–1573 peasant revolts]},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Povijesni priloz},
volume = {55},
pages = {139-204},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, croatia, early modern history, revolt and revolution},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2017
Pizzolato, Nico
A new revolutionary practice: operaisti and the 'refusal of work' in 1970's Italy Journal Article
In: Estudos Históricos, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, italy, labour movements, revolt and revolution
@article{nokey,
title = {A new revolutionary practice: operaisti and the 'refusal of work' in 1970's Italy},
author = {Nico Pizzolato},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Estudos Históricos},
abstract = {The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class.
},
keywords = {20th century, italy, labour movements, revolt and revolution},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class.
2013
Sefer, Akın
From Class Solidarity to Revolution: The Radicalization of Arsenal Workers in the Late Ottoman Empire Journal Article
In: International Review of Social History, vol. 58, iss. 3, pp. 395-428, 2013.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, ottoman empire, revolt and revolution, working class
@article{nokey,
title = {From Class Solidarity to Revolution: The Radicalization of Arsenal Workers in the Late Ottoman Empire},
author = {Akın Sefer},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {International Review of Social History},
volume = {58},
issue = {3},
pages = {395-428},
abstract = {This article introduces a bottom-up perspective to the history of the Revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire by focusing on the experiences of workers in the Imperial Arsenal (Tersane-i Amire) in Istanbul. It explores, from a class-formation perspective, the struggles and relations of Arsenal workers, including the conscripts and children employed here, from the second half of the nineteenth century until the revolution.
},
keywords = {19th century, 20th century, ottoman empire, revolt and revolution, working class},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article introduces a bottom-up perspective to the history of the Revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire by focusing on the experiences of workers in the Imperial Arsenal (Tersane-i Amire) in Istanbul. It explores, from a class-formation perspective, the struggles and relations of Arsenal workers, including the conscripts and children employed here, from the second half of the nineteenth century until the revolution.