1.
Uppenberg, Carolina
Contracted Coercion: Land, Labour and Gender in the Swedish Crofter Institution Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 48, iss. 5, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Contracted Coercion: Land, Labour and Gender in the Swedish Crofter Institution},
author = {Carolina Uppenberg},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-30},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of History},
volume = {48},
issue = {5},
abstract = {In the early modern rural setting, labour was organized with varying degrees of coercion depending on landowning, social standing, and gender. This article analyses the crofter institution, characterized by corvée labour (obligatory work as payment), from the perspective of gender and coercion. The purpose is to answer the question of how the crofter institution was created, shaped, enabled and questioned. The right to establish a croft made the position as head of household available for men but it also increased social stratification. While crofters were masters of their households in contract signing, their position was ambiguous when it came to the organization of labour. Regarding physical integrity, crofters could be forced by physical violence and were subject to rules not connected to work, such as subservience. I argue that this was made acceptable through marriage and allowing the position as head of household to landless men. Crofters held an intermediate position, caught between the market logic of leasehold of land and the coercive logic of labour extraction, and this continued to colour the crofter institution until its final dissolution in 1943.},
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In the early modern rural setting, labour was organized with varying degrees of coercion depending on landowning, social standing, and gender. This article analyses the crofter institution, characterized by corvée labour (obligatory work as payment), from the perspective of gender and coercion. The purpose is to answer the question of how the crofter institution was created, shaped, enabled and questioned. The right to establish a croft made the position as head of household available for men but it also increased social stratification. While crofters were masters of their households in contract signing, their position was ambiguous when it came to the organization of labour. Regarding physical integrity, crofters could be forced by physical violence and were subject to rules not connected to work, such as subservience. I argue that this was made acceptable through marriage and allowing the position as head of household to landless men. Crofters held an intermediate position, caught between the market logic of leasehold of land and the coercive logic of labour extraction, and this continued to colour the crofter institution until its final dissolution in 1943.
2.
Ågren, Maria
Service, help and delegation: What vaguely described work can tell us about labour relations in the past Book Chapter
In: Bischoff, Jeannine (Ed.): Beyond Slavery and Freedom: Bonn Centre for Slavery and Dependence Studies Publications, 2020.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Service, help and delegation: What vaguely described work can tell us about labour relations in the past},
author = {Maria Ågren},
editor = {Jeannine Bischoff},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {Beyond Slavery and Freedom: Bonn Centre for Slavery and Dependence Studies Publications},
abstract = {This article explores a dataset of verb-phrases culled from early modern Swedish sources, all of which describe work in vague terms. The analysis shows that vaguely described work (e.g. ‘to work’, ‘to serve’) often appeared together with information on for whom, where and under what conditions the work in question had taken place. In other words, work was neither described as a concrete task nor as an occupation; instead, it was the labour relation that people tended to describe.
},
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This article explores a dataset of verb-phrases culled from early modern Swedish sources, all of which describe work in vague terms. The analysis shows that vaguely described work (e.g. ‘to work’, ‘to serve’) often appeared together with information on for whom, where and under what conditions the work in question had taken place. In other words, work was neither described as a concrete task nor as an occupation; instead, it was the labour relation that people tended to describe.
3.
Seppel, Marten
The Semiotics of Serfdom: How serfdom was perceived in the Swedish conglomerate state, 1561–1806 Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 45, iss. 1, pp. 48-70, 2020.
@article{nokey,
title = {The Semiotics of Serfdom: How serfdom was perceived in the Swedish conglomerate state, 1561–1806},
author = {Marten Seppel},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of History},
volume = {45},
issue = {1},
pages = {48-70},
abstract = {While serfdom did not exist in Sweden and Finland, it was accepted in the Baltic and German provinces. The main aim of the paper is to explore how the institution of serfdom was understood and interpreted in Stockholm. It will argue that there were clichés, stereotypes, and prejudices that have shaped the discourse on serfdom.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While serfdom did not exist in Sweden and Finland, it was accepted in the Baltic and German provinces. The main aim of the paper is to explore how the institution of serfdom was understood and interpreted in Stockholm. It will argue that there were clichés, stereotypes, and prejudices that have shaped the discourse on serfdom.
4.
Uppenberg, Carolina
I husbondens bröd och arbete. Kön, makt och kontrakt i det svenska tjänstefolkssystemet 1730–1860 [Servants and masters. Gender, contract, and power relations in the servant institution in Sweden, 1730-1860] PhD Thesis
2018.
@phdthesis{nokey,
title = {I husbondens bröd och arbete. Kön, makt och kontrakt i det svenska tjänstefolkssystemet 1730–1860 [Servants and masters. Gender, contract, and power relations in the servant institution in Sweden, 1730-1860]},
author = {Carolina Uppenberg},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
institution = {University of Gothenburg},
abstract = {In my doctoral thesis I studied the institution of rural servants from a labour market and a gender perspective. Pre-industrial servants were subject to compulsory service, but at the same time part of a labour market where they could choose their employer freely. I the thesis I examined the laws shaping the institution, the handling of the laws in court, and the discourse of free and unfree labour relations surrounding servants and masters.},
keywords = {},
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}
In my doctoral thesis I studied the institution of rural servants from a labour market and a gender perspective. Pre-industrial servants were subject to compulsory service, but at the same time part of a labour market where they could choose their employer freely. I the thesis I examined the laws shaping the institution, the handling of the laws in court, and the discourse of free and unfree labour relations surrounding servants and masters.
5.
Evans, Chris; Rydén, Göran
‘Voyage Iron’: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, its European Origins, and West African Impact Journal Article
In: Past & Present, vol. 239, iss. 1, 2018.
@article{nokey,
title = {‘Voyage Iron’: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, its European Origins, and West African Impact},
author = {Chris Evans and Göran Rydén},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Past & Present},
volume = {239},
issue = {1},
abstract = {An array of goods was traded to Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Many were eye-catching consumer goods; others were far more mundane, including ‘voyage iron’, a metal forged in northern Europe, bars of which acted as a currency along the West African coast. This article examines the geography of voyage iron production, showing that it originated in places – primarily Sweden – that are not often thought of as being connected to Atlantic commerce. It then considers the impact that European iron had on West Africa, where iron smelting was very well-established locally. The vibrancy of African metallurgy has led some distinguished Africanists to dismiss voyage iron as marginal to African needs. By contrast, it is contended here that European iron underpinned an agro-environmental transformation of the coastal forests in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and played a major role in the spread of New World crops in West Africa. Voyage iron was a superficially unremarkable producer good but it contributed to a profound reshaping of the economic geography of West Africa.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An array of goods was traded to Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Many were eye-catching consumer goods; others were far more mundane, including ‘voyage iron’, a metal forged in northern Europe, bars of which acted as a currency along the West African coast. This article examines the geography of voyage iron production, showing that it originated in places – primarily Sweden – that are not often thought of as being connected to Atlantic commerce. It then considers the impact that European iron had on West Africa, where iron smelting was very well-established locally. The vibrancy of African metallurgy has led some distinguished Africanists to dismiss voyage iron as marginal to African needs. By contrast, it is contended here that European iron underpinned an agro-environmental transformation of the coastal forests in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and played a major role in the spread of New World crops in West Africa. Voyage iron was a superficially unremarkable producer good but it contributed to a profound reshaping of the economic geography of West Africa.
6.
Sundevall, Fia
Military Education for Non-Military Purposes: Economic and Social Governing Projects Targeting Conscripts in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden Journal Article
In: History of Education Review, vol. 46, iss. 1, pp. 58-71, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {Military Education for Non-Military Purposes: Economic and Social Governing Projects Targeting Conscripts in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden},
author = {Fia Sundevall},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {History of Education Review},
volume = {46},
issue = {1},
pages = {58-71},
abstract = {The article explores mandatory military service – a means to recruit and train male citizens for military labour through force – as a tool and arena for solving various social and economic problems such as mass unemployment, alcohol abuse, and elementary education deficiencies, as well as shortages of skilled personnel in particular branches of great importance for the nation’s economy.
},
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The article explores mandatory military service – a means to recruit and train male citizens for military labour through force – as a tool and arena for solving various social and economic problems such as mass unemployment, alcohol abuse, and elementary education deficiencies, as well as shortages of skilled personnel in particular branches of great importance for the nation’s economy.
7.
Uppenberg, Carolina
The servant institution during the Swedish agrarian revolution: the political economy of subservience Book Chapter
In: Whittle, Jane (Ed.): Servants in rural Europe 1400–1900, pp. 167–182, 2017.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The servant institution during the Swedish agrarian revolution: the political economy of subservience},
author = {Carolina Uppenberg},
editor = {Jane Whittle},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Servants in rural Europe 1400–1900},
pages = {167–182},
abstract = {This article develops the gendered aspects of the various dimensions of the servant institution. It is shown that male and female servants had different levels of freedom in their labour contracts, and this is related to the later development of a feminized servant position.
},
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This article develops the gendered aspects of the various dimensions of the servant institution. It is shown that male and female servants had different levels of freedom in their labour contracts, and this is related to the later development of a feminized servant position.
8.
Lindberg, Erik; Jacobsson, Benny; Ling, Sofia
The “Dark Side” of the Ubiquity of Work: Vulnerability and Destitution among the Elderly Book Chapter
In: Maria Ågren, (Ed.): Making a Living, Making a Difference. Gender and Work in Early Modern European Society,, pp. 159-176, 2016.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The “Dark Side” of the Ubiquity of Work: Vulnerability and Destitution among the Elderly},
author = {Erik Lindberg and Benny Jacobsson and Sofia Ling },
editor = {Maria Ågren,},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Making a Living, Making a Difference. Gender and Work in Early Modern European Society,},
pages = {159-176},
abstract = {This article explores the possibilities for old people to contract for care. The findings in the article suggest that family and wider kin could offer a safety net, but only when there was something to share. It further suggests that people were only obliged to take care of their close relatives when there was a written contract specifying who was to provide care and on what terms. Poverty, ability to work, and age constrained the options for groups vulnerable to economic stress. Those with property or movables were in a much better bargaining position than those without, but even the smallest amount of wealth was used to contract for care. The situation for the landless poor, whether old or young, was difficult. The compulsory service statutes restricted their time-use and forced them to work under one-year contracts, with a ceiling on their wages. Although the implementation of these statutes probably varied between regions and from one period to another, they reduced the agency of the poor and their ability to manage their resources according to their own preferences.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article explores the possibilities for old people to contract for care. The findings in the article suggest that family and wider kin could offer a safety net, but only when there was something to share. It further suggests that people were only obliged to take care of their close relatives when there was a written contract specifying who was to provide care and on what terms. Poverty, ability to work, and age constrained the options for groups vulnerable to economic stress. Those with property or movables were in a much better bargaining position than those without, but even the smallest amount of wealth was used to contract for care. The situation for the landless poor, whether old or young, was difficult. The compulsory service statutes restricted their time-use and forced them to work under one-year contracts, with a ceiling on their wages. Although the implementation of these statutes probably varied between regions and from one period to another, they reduced the agency of the poor and their ability to manage their resources according to their own preferences.
9.
Latinović, Goran
Jugoslovensko-švedski odnosi (1941‒1945) [Yugoslav-Swedish relations] Journal Article
In: Istorija 20. veka [20th century history], vol. XXXIII, iss. 1, pp. 45‒60, 2015.
@article{nokey,
title = {Jugoslovensko-švedski odnosi (1941‒1945) [Yugoslav-Swedish relations]},
author = {Goran Latinović},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Istorija 20. veka [20th century history]},
volume = {XXXIII},
issue = {1},
pages = {45‒60},
abstract = {Despite the occupation and destruction of the Yugoslav state in April 1941, the Yugoslav Legation in Stockholm remained open and it continued its activities as one of the diplomatic missions of the Yugoslav Government in exile. Nazis interned 4,268 men from Yugoslavia on forced labour in Norway. They were forced to work on building roads in Northern Norway, in order to provide better conditions for supplying Nazi troops in Finland, as well as to build fortresses along the Norwegian coast. Around 2,400 of Yugoslavs lost their lives in Nazi camps in Norway during the forced labour, but some of them managed to flee in neutral Sweden. The influx of Yugoslavs from Norway to Sweden, influenced the Yugoslav-Swedish relations during the Second World War.
},
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pubstate = {published},
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}
Despite the occupation and destruction of the Yugoslav state in April 1941, the Yugoslav Legation in Stockholm remained open and it continued its activities as one of the diplomatic missions of the Yugoslav Government in exile. Nazis interned 4,268 men from Yugoslavia on forced labour in Norway. They were forced to work on building roads in Northern Norway, in order to provide better conditions for supplying Nazi troops in Finland, as well as to build fortresses along the Norwegian coast. Around 2,400 of Yugoslavs lost their lives in Nazi camps in Norway during the forced labour, but some of them managed to flee in neutral Sweden. The influx of Yugoslavs from Norway to Sweden, influenced the Yugoslav-Swedish relations during the Second World War.
2023
Uppenberg, Carolina
Contracted Coercion: Land, Labour and Gender in the Swedish Crofter Institution Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 48, iss. 5, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, europe, gender, household, scandinavia, service, sweden
@article{nokey,
title = {Contracted Coercion: Land, Labour and Gender in the Swedish Crofter Institution},
author = {Carolina Uppenberg},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-30},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of History},
volume = {48},
issue = {5},
abstract = {In the early modern rural setting, labour was organized with varying degrees of coercion depending on landowning, social standing, and gender. This article analyses the crofter institution, characterized by corvée labour (obligatory work as payment), from the perspective of gender and coercion. The purpose is to answer the question of how the crofter institution was created, shaped, enabled and questioned. The right to establish a croft made the position as head of household available for men but it also increased social stratification. While crofters were masters of their households in contract signing, their position was ambiguous when it came to the organization of labour. Regarding physical integrity, crofters could be forced by physical violence and were subject to rules not connected to work, such as subservience. I argue that this was made acceptable through marriage and allowing the position as head of household to landless men. Crofters held an intermediate position, caught between the market logic of leasehold of land and the coercive logic of labour extraction, and this continued to colour the crofter institution until its final dissolution in 1943.},
keywords = {19th century, 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, europe, gender, household, scandinavia, service, sweden},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the early modern rural setting, labour was organized with varying degrees of coercion depending on landowning, social standing, and gender. This article analyses the crofter institution, characterized by corvée labour (obligatory work as payment), from the perspective of gender and coercion. The purpose is to answer the question of how the crofter institution was created, shaped, enabled and questioned. The right to establish a croft made the position as head of household available for men but it also increased social stratification. While crofters were masters of their households in contract signing, their position was ambiguous when it came to the organization of labour. Regarding physical integrity, crofters could be forced by physical violence and were subject to rules not connected to work, such as subservience. I argue that this was made acceptable through marriage and allowing the position as head of household to landless men. Crofters held an intermediate position, caught between the market logic of leasehold of land and the coercive logic of labour extraction, and this continued to colour the crofter institution until its final dissolution in 1943.
2020
Ågren, Maria
Service, help and delegation: What vaguely described work can tell us about labour relations in the past Book Chapter
In: Bischoff, Jeannine (Ed.): Beyond Slavery and Freedom: Bonn Centre for Slavery and Dependence Studies Publications, 2020.
Abstract | Tags: dependency, early modern history, historical semantics, new history of work, service, sweden
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Service, help and delegation: What vaguely described work can tell us about labour relations in the past},
author = {Maria Ågren},
editor = {Jeannine Bischoff},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {Beyond Slavery and Freedom: Bonn Centre for Slavery and Dependence Studies Publications},
abstract = {This article explores a dataset of verb-phrases culled from early modern Swedish sources, all of which describe work in vague terms. The analysis shows that vaguely described work (e.g. ‘to work’, ‘to serve’) often appeared together with information on for whom, where and under what conditions the work in question had taken place. In other words, work was neither described as a concrete task nor as an occupation; instead, it was the labour relation that people tended to describe.
},
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pubstate = {published},
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This article explores a dataset of verb-phrases culled from early modern Swedish sources, all of which describe work in vague terms. The analysis shows that vaguely described work (e.g. ‘to work’, ‘to serve’) often appeared together with information on for whom, where and under what conditions the work in question had taken place. In other words, work was neither described as a concrete task nor as an occupation; instead, it was the labour relation that people tended to describe.
Seppel, Marten
The Semiotics of Serfdom: How serfdom was perceived in the Swedish conglomerate state, 1561–1806 Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 45, iss. 1, pp. 48-70, 2020.
Abstract | Tags: early modern history, scandinavia, serfdom, sweden
@article{nokey,
title = {The Semiotics of Serfdom: How serfdom was perceived in the Swedish conglomerate state, 1561–1806},
author = {Marten Seppel},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of History},
volume = {45},
issue = {1},
pages = {48-70},
abstract = {While serfdom did not exist in Sweden and Finland, it was accepted in the Baltic and German provinces. The main aim of the paper is to explore how the institution of serfdom was understood and interpreted in Stockholm. It will argue that there were clichés, stereotypes, and prejudices that have shaped the discourse on serfdom.
},
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While serfdom did not exist in Sweden and Finland, it was accepted in the Baltic and German provinces. The main aim of the paper is to explore how the institution of serfdom was understood and interpreted in Stockholm. It will argue that there were clichés, stereotypes, and prejudices that have shaped the discourse on serfdom.
2018
Uppenberg, Carolina
I husbondens bröd och arbete. Kön, makt och kontrakt i det svenska tjänstefolkssystemet 1730–1860 [Servants and masters. Gender, contract, and power relations in the servant institution in Sweden, 1730-1860] PhD Thesis
2018.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, domestic service, early modern history, gender, labour markets, service, sweden
@phdthesis{nokey,
title = {I husbondens bröd och arbete. Kön, makt och kontrakt i det svenska tjänstefolkssystemet 1730–1860 [Servants and masters. Gender, contract, and power relations in the servant institution in Sweden, 1730-1860]},
author = {Carolina Uppenberg},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
institution = {University of Gothenburg},
abstract = {In my doctoral thesis I studied the institution of rural servants from a labour market and a gender perspective. Pre-industrial servants were subject to compulsory service, but at the same time part of a labour market where they could choose their employer freely. I the thesis I examined the laws shaping the institution, the handling of the laws in court, and the discourse of free and unfree labour relations surrounding servants and masters.},
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In my doctoral thesis I studied the institution of rural servants from a labour market and a gender perspective. Pre-industrial servants were subject to compulsory service, but at the same time part of a labour market where they could choose their employer freely. I the thesis I examined the laws shaping the institution, the handling of the laws in court, and the discourse of free and unfree labour relations surrounding servants and masters.
Evans, Chris; Rydén, Göran
‘Voyage Iron’: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, its European Origins, and West African Impact Journal Article
In: Past & Present, vol. 239, iss. 1, 2018.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, africa, atlanic, commodity chains, early modern history, slavery, sweden
@article{nokey,
title = {‘Voyage Iron’: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, its European Origins, and West African Impact},
author = {Chris Evans and Göran Rydén},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Past & Present},
volume = {239},
issue = {1},
abstract = {An array of goods was traded to Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Many were eye-catching consumer goods; others were far more mundane, including ‘voyage iron’, a metal forged in northern Europe, bars of which acted as a currency along the West African coast. This article examines the geography of voyage iron production, showing that it originated in places – primarily Sweden – that are not often thought of as being connected to Atlantic commerce. It then considers the impact that European iron had on West Africa, where iron smelting was very well-established locally. The vibrancy of African metallurgy has led some distinguished Africanists to dismiss voyage iron as marginal to African needs. By contrast, it is contended here that European iron underpinned an agro-environmental transformation of the coastal forests in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and played a major role in the spread of New World crops in West Africa. Voyage iron was a superficially unremarkable producer good but it contributed to a profound reshaping of the economic geography of West Africa.
},
keywords = {19th century, africa, atlanic, commodity chains, early modern history, slavery, sweden},
pubstate = {published},
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}
An array of goods was traded to Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Many were eye-catching consumer goods; others were far more mundane, including ‘voyage iron’, a metal forged in northern Europe, bars of which acted as a currency along the West African coast. This article examines the geography of voyage iron production, showing that it originated in places – primarily Sweden – that are not often thought of as being connected to Atlantic commerce. It then considers the impact that European iron had on West Africa, where iron smelting was very well-established locally. The vibrancy of African metallurgy has led some distinguished Africanists to dismiss voyage iron as marginal to African needs. By contrast, it is contended here that European iron underpinned an agro-environmental transformation of the coastal forests in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and played a major role in the spread of New World crops in West Africa. Voyage iron was a superficially unremarkable producer good but it contributed to a profound reshaping of the economic geography of West Africa.
2017
Sundevall, Fia
Military Education for Non-Military Purposes: Economic and Social Governing Projects Targeting Conscripts in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden Journal Article
In: History of Education Review, vol. 46, iss. 1, pp. 58-71, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, economic and social policy, education, military, scandinavia, social control, sweden
@article{nokey,
title = {Military Education for Non-Military Purposes: Economic and Social Governing Projects Targeting Conscripts in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden},
author = {Fia Sundevall},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {History of Education Review},
volume = {46},
issue = {1},
pages = {58-71},
abstract = {The article explores mandatory military service – a means to recruit and train male citizens for military labour through force – as a tool and arena for solving various social and economic problems such as mass unemployment, alcohol abuse, and elementary education deficiencies, as well as shortages of skilled personnel in particular branches of great importance for the nation’s economy.
},
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The article explores mandatory military service – a means to recruit and train male citizens for military labour through force – as a tool and arena for solving various social and economic problems such as mass unemployment, alcohol abuse, and elementary education deficiencies, as well as shortages of skilled personnel in particular branches of great importance for the nation’s economy.
Uppenberg, Carolina
The servant institution during the Swedish agrarian revolution: the political economy of subservience Book Chapter
In: Whittle, Jane (Ed.): Servants in rural Europe 1400–1900, pp. 167–182, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, domestic service, early modern history, gender, service, sweden, work contracts
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The servant institution during the Swedish agrarian revolution: the political economy of subservience},
author = {Carolina Uppenberg},
editor = {Jane Whittle},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Servants in rural Europe 1400–1900},
pages = {167–182},
abstract = {This article develops the gendered aspects of the various dimensions of the servant institution. It is shown that male and female servants had different levels of freedom in their labour contracts, and this is related to the later development of a feminized servant position.
},
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This article develops the gendered aspects of the various dimensions of the servant institution. It is shown that male and female servants had different levels of freedom in their labour contracts, and this is related to the later development of a feminized servant position.
2016
Lindberg, Erik; Jacobsson, Benny; Ling, Sofia
The “Dark Side” of the Ubiquity of Work: Vulnerability and Destitution among the Elderly Book Chapter
In: Maria Ågren, (Ed.): Making a Living, Making a Difference. Gender and Work in Early Modern European Society,, pp. 159-176, 2016.
Abstract | Tags: care, early modern history, gender, service, sweden
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The “Dark Side” of the Ubiquity of Work: Vulnerability and Destitution among the Elderly},
author = {Erik Lindberg and Benny Jacobsson and Sofia Ling },
editor = {Maria Ågren,},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Making a Living, Making a Difference. Gender and Work in Early Modern European Society,},
pages = {159-176},
abstract = {This article explores the possibilities for old people to contract for care. The findings in the article suggest that family and wider kin could offer a safety net, but only when there was something to share. It further suggests that people were only obliged to take care of their close relatives when there was a written contract specifying who was to provide care and on what terms. Poverty, ability to work, and age constrained the options for groups vulnerable to economic stress. Those with property or movables were in a much better bargaining position than those without, but even the smallest amount of wealth was used to contract for care. The situation for the landless poor, whether old or young, was difficult. The compulsory service statutes restricted their time-use and forced them to work under one-year contracts, with a ceiling on their wages. Although the implementation of these statutes probably varied between regions and from one period to another, they reduced the agency of the poor and their ability to manage their resources according to their own preferences.
},
keywords = {care, early modern history, gender, service, sweden},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article explores the possibilities for old people to contract for care. The findings in the article suggest that family and wider kin could offer a safety net, but only when there was something to share. It further suggests that people were only obliged to take care of their close relatives when there was a written contract specifying who was to provide care and on what terms. Poverty, ability to work, and age constrained the options for groups vulnerable to economic stress. Those with property or movables were in a much better bargaining position than those without, but even the smallest amount of wealth was used to contract for care. The situation for the landless poor, whether old or young, was difficult. The compulsory service statutes restricted their time-use and forced them to work under one-year contracts, with a ceiling on their wages. Although the implementation of these statutes probably varied between regions and from one period to another, they reduced the agency of the poor and their ability to manage their resources according to their own preferences.
2015
Latinović, Goran
Jugoslovensko-švedski odnosi (1941‒1945) [Yugoslav-Swedish relations] Journal Article
In: Istorija 20. veka [20th century history], vol. XXXIII, iss. 1, pp. 45‒60, 2015.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, forced labour, sweden, yugoslavia
@article{nokey,
title = {Jugoslovensko-švedski odnosi (1941‒1945) [Yugoslav-Swedish relations]},
author = {Goran Latinović},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Istorija 20. veka [20th century history]},
volume = {XXXIII},
issue = {1},
pages = {45‒60},
abstract = {Despite the occupation and destruction of the Yugoslav state in April 1941, the Yugoslav Legation in Stockholm remained open and it continued its activities as one of the diplomatic missions of the Yugoslav Government in exile. Nazis interned 4,268 men from Yugoslavia on forced labour in Norway. They were forced to work on building roads in Northern Norway, in order to provide better conditions for supplying Nazi troops in Finland, as well as to build fortresses along the Norwegian coast. Around 2,400 of Yugoslavs lost their lives in Nazi camps in Norway during the forced labour, but some of them managed to flee in neutral Sweden. The influx of Yugoslavs from Norway to Sweden, influenced the Yugoslav-Swedish relations during the Second World War.
},
keywords = {20th century, forced labour, sweden, yugoslavia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Despite the occupation and destruction of the Yugoslav state in April 1941, the Yugoslav Legation in Stockholm remained open and it continued its activities as one of the diplomatic missions of the Yugoslav Government in exile. Nazis interned 4,268 men from Yugoslavia on forced labour in Norway. They were forced to work on building roads in Northern Norway, in order to provide better conditions for supplying Nazi troops in Finland, as well as to build fortresses along the Norwegian coast. Around 2,400 of Yugoslavs lost their lives in Nazi camps in Norway during the forced labour, but some of them managed to flee in neutral Sweden. The influx of Yugoslavs from Norway to Sweden, influenced the Yugoslav-Swedish relations during the Second World War.