@article{nokey,

title = {Freedom of movement versus freedom of work? Coping with the mobility of indigenous workers in a palm oil concession in French Congo (1910-1940)},

author = {Ferrucio Ricciardi},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

issuetitle = {Exploring labor coercion through im/mobility and the environment (18th-20th centuries)},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {64},

issue = {6},

abstract = {In colonial French Congo, one of the main challenges for labor relations was the need to reconcile contradictory efforts to promote the mobility of native workers while also stabilizing (or immobilizing) the workforce. As the interests of colonial employers and officials overlapped and merged, so did the status of indigenous workers evolve according to how administrative and economic leaders categorized indigenous work. Indigenous workers were therefore progressively categorized as migrant workers, deserters or vagrants. The political instruments which were supposed to ensure the circulation of migrant workers particularly (the laissez-passer, worker logbooks, orders regulating the flow of the workforce within the colony, etc.) were perversely used to constrain worker movement. Drawing on the archives of the French colonial administration and the private archives of the Compagnie Française du Haut-Congo, this article tries to grasp the relation between freedom and (im)mobility in the context of a colonial concession. In that context, colonial leaders sought to control of mobility for purposes relating to the construction of a local labor market, the consolidation of governmental rationality and the stabilization of colonial order.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Making iron, producing space! How coerced work defined a Swedish early modern ironmaking region},

author = {Göran Rydén},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

urldate = {2023-10-01},

issuetitle = {Exploring labor coercion through im/mobility and the environment (18th-20th centuries)},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {64},

issue = {6},

abstract = {Swedish ironmaking took place in mines, forests and rationally structured ironmaking communities (bruk), merging different forms of labour and coercion, wage labour, household labour and corvée labour often in the form of transport duties, as well as leases paid in kind. The aim is to analyse this diverse structure from an angle of motion, movement and mobility, and see how subordinated ironmaking artisanal and peasant households set the limits for the regions in which they were living while undertaking that work. It is essential to link this work to the owners’ ambition to control production, the workers and the tasks they were set to do. It meant to supervise production at the workshops, but more importantly, it meant to monitor the movement of raw material, grain and commodities, between these sites and markets outside the region. I use an extensive accounting material from one region to unravel patterns of work, and the owners’ ambitions to keep track of subordinated artisans and peasants. These patterns of work and supervision were, together with legal structures, a crucial element in the making of the spatial structuring of Swedish ironmaking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Reconsidering Labor Coercion Through the Logics of Im/mobility and the Environment},

author = {Claudia Bernardi and Amal Shahid and Müge Telci Özbek},

editor = {Claudia Bernardi and Amal Shahid and Müge Telci Özbek},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-01},

issuetitle = {Exploring labor coercion through im/mobility and the environment (18th - 20th centuries)},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {64},

issue = {6},

pages = {659-675},

abstract = {The ‘new mobilities paradigm’ formulated in the early 2000s allowed scholars of labor to explore the possibilities of the concept of im/mobility as an interpretive framework for understanding processes of work and labor. This paper contributes to the continued cross-fertilization between mobility studies and labor studies by exploring the theoretical and methodological prospects of focusing on assemblages of temporal- spatial practices that simultaneously compel and confine movement. The article suggests that means, processes, and extent of labor coercion can be understood by analyzing how people are compelled to move or are confined to specific sites temporarily or permanently. It discusses how employing space and im/mobility as conceptual tools uncover the role of diffused, hierarchical layers through which labor coercion emerges. In this regard, environment emerges as a significant factor. The paper examines how mobility becomes a line of flight from sites/fields of coercion, or locks people into new forms of coercive relations; the legal/ formal or informal frameworks that regulate or govern labor im/mobility within specific sites; and how the logics of deployment and coercion overlap and mutually reinforce one another. Ultimately, it aims to contribute to the calls for non-linear, newly spatialized histories of labor processes and labor coercion.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {“In Consequence of Considering Herself to be Free”. Freedom and (Im)mobility in the Trans-Imperial Caribbean Space of the 19th Century},

author = {Matilde Flamigni},

editor = {Claudia Bernardi and Amal Shahid and Müge Telci Özbek},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-01},

issuetitle = {Exploring labor coercion through im/mobility and the environment (18th - 20th centuries)},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {64},

issue = {6},

pages = {676-690},

abstract = {Based on both archival material from the European colonial archives in Aix-en-Provence, Madrid, and London and documents held at the Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba, this paper analyses court cases related to petitions submitted by enslaved people to foreign diplomacy in Cuba, exploring the entanglement between mobility in trans-imperial Caribbean space and the use of law by enslaved people in the Age of Abolition. Drawing mainly on legal sources, it emphasizes how slavery and freedom remain ambiguous and contested concepts in the shifting boundaries between free and unfree labor. (Im)mobility – understood both as the transition from one legal status to another and as migration – represented a practice to escape coercion and a tool of control, through which new forms of coercion emerged and were regulated.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Freedom of movement versus freedom of work? Coping with the mobility of indigenous workers in a palm oil concession in French Congo (1910-1940)},

author = {Ferrucio Ricciardi},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

issuetitle = {Exploring labor coercion through im/mobility and the environment (18th-20th centuries)},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {64},

issue = {6},

abstract = {In colonial French Congo, one of the main challenges for labor relations was the need to reconcile contradictory efforts to promote the mobility of native workers while also stabilizing (or immobilizing) the workforce. As the interests of colonial employers and officials overlapped and merged, so did the status of indigenous workers evolve according to how administrative and economic leaders categorized indigenous work. Indigenous workers were therefore progressively categorized as migrant workers, deserters or vagrants. The political instruments which were supposed to ensure the circulation of migrant workers particularly (the laissez-passer, worker logbooks, orders regulating the flow of the workforce within the colony, etc.) were perversely used to constrain worker movement. Drawing on the archives of the French colonial administration and the private archives of the Compagnie Française du Haut-Congo, this article tries to grasp the relation between freedom and (im)mobility in the context of a colonial concession. In that context, colonial leaders sought to control of mobility for purposes relating to the construction of a local labor market, the consolidation of governmental rationality and the stabilization of colonial order.},

keywords = {20th century, africa, colonialism, congo, migration and mobility, race},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Making iron, producing space! How coerced work defined a Swedish early modern ironmaking region},

author = {Göran Rydén},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

urldate = {2023-10-01},

issuetitle = {Exploring labor coercion through im/mobility and the environment (18th-20th centuries)},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {64},

issue = {6},

abstract = {Swedish ironmaking took place in mines, forests and rationally structured ironmaking communities (bruk), merging different forms of labour and coercion, wage labour, household labour and corvée labour often in the form of transport duties, as well as leases paid in kind. The aim is to analyse this diverse structure from an angle of motion, movement and mobility, and see how subordinated ironmaking artisanal and peasant households set the limits for the regions in which they were living while undertaking that work. It is essential to link this work to the owners’ ambition to control production, the workers and the tasks they were set to do. It meant to supervise production at the workshops, but more importantly, it meant to monitor the movement of raw material, grain and commodities, between these sites and markets outside the region. I use an extensive accounting material from one region to unravel patterns of work, and the owners’ ambitions to keep track of subordinated artisans and peasants. These patterns of work and supervision were, together with legal structures, a crucial element in the making of the spatial structuring of Swedish ironmaking.},

keywords = {early modern history, household, migration and mobility, mining, scandinavia, sweden},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Reconsidering Labor Coercion Through the Logics of Im/mobility and the Environment},

author = {Claudia Bernardi and Amal Shahid and Müge Telci Özbek},

editor = {Claudia Bernardi and Amal Shahid and Müge Telci Özbek},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-01},

issuetitle = {Exploring labor coercion through im/mobility and the environment (18th - 20th centuries)},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {64},

issue = {6},

pages = {659-675},

abstract = {The ‘new mobilities paradigm’ formulated in the early 2000s allowed scholars of labor to explore the possibilities of the concept of im/mobility as an interpretive framework for understanding processes of work and labor. This paper contributes to the continued cross-fertilization between mobility studies and labor studies by exploring the theoretical and methodological prospects of focusing on assemblages of temporal- spatial practices that simultaneously compel and confine movement. The article suggests that means, processes, and extent of labor coercion can be understood by analyzing how people are compelled to move or are confined to specific sites temporarily or permanently. It discusses how employing space and im/mobility as conceptual tools uncover the role of diffused, hierarchical layers through which labor coercion emerges. In this regard, environment emerges as a significant factor. The paper examines how mobility becomes a line of flight from sites/fields of coercion, or locks people into new forms of coercive relations; the legal/ formal or informal frameworks that regulate or govern labor im/mobility within specific sites; and how the logics of deployment and coercion overlap and mutually reinforce one another. Ultimately, it aims to contribute to the calls for non-linear, newly spatialized histories of labor processes and labor coercion.},

keywords = {environment, migration and mobility},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {“In Consequence of Considering Herself to be Free”. Freedom and (Im)mobility in the Trans-Imperial Caribbean Space of the 19th Century},

author = {Matilde Flamigni},

editor = {Claudia Bernardi and Amal Shahid and Müge Telci Özbek},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-01},

issuetitle = {Exploring labor coercion through im/mobility and the environment (18th - 20th centuries)},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {64},

issue = {6},

pages = {676-690},

abstract = {Based on both archival material from the European colonial archives in Aix-en-Provence, Madrid, and London and documents held at the Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba, this paper analyses court cases related to petitions submitted by enslaved people to foreign diplomacy in Cuba, exploring the entanglement between mobility in trans-imperial Caribbean space and the use of law by enslaved people in the Age of Abolition. Drawing mainly on legal sources, it emphasizes how slavery and freedom remain ambiguous and contested concepts in the shifting boundaries between free and unfree labor. (Im)mobility – understood both as the transition from one legal status to another and as migration – represented a practice to escape coercion and a tool of control, through which new forms of coercion emerged and were regulated.},

keywords = {19th century, abolition, caribbean, migration and mobility, slavery},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Harvests of shame: enduring unfree labour in the twentieth-century United States, 1933–1964},

author = {Nico Pizzolato},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Labor History},

volume = {59},

issue = {4},

pages = {1-19},

abstract = {This article reframes the discussion on vulnerable and exploited agricultural labour in twentieth-century United States using the overarching category of unfree labour. In order to do so, it bridges two usually distinct historiographies by linking the phenomenon of ‘peonage’ during the New Deal, with the one of immigrant contract labour in southern Florida, under the H2 visa. Archival research on the practices at the U.S. Sugar Corporation in southern Florida illustrates this link. The article draws on Federal archives, U.S. Government proceedings, papers of political activists and legal and labour scholarship to argue: firstly, that unfree labour has been an enduring feature of agricultural labour relations at regional level during the twentieth century, through both a transmission and a transformation of practices that had their origin in the control of black emancipated labour; secondly, that the introduction of `guest workers’ under the H2 and Bracero programme meant a modernisation in the practices of unfree labour, pivoting on the lack of citizenship rights, racial discrimination, debt at home and threat of deportation; and, finally, that the failure to recognise forms of legal and economic deprivation and coercion as unfree labour has hurt the ability of the United States to enforce protection of human rights at home.

},

keywords = {20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, migration and mobility, race, united states},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Indian Ocean Networks and the Transmutations of Servitude: The Protector of Indian Immigrants and the Administration of Freed Slaves and Indentured Labourers in Durban in the 1870s},

author = {Preben Kaarsholm},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Southern African Studies},

volume = {42},

issue = {3},

pages = { 443-461},

abstract = {Focusing on Durban and its harbour, the article discusses the importation of different kinds oftransnational bonded labour into Natal in the last half of the 19th century, and examines theways in which Southern African and Indian Ocean histories were intertwined in the processesthat built the colonial state. The institution of the Protector of Indian Immigrants is highlightedas a central ingredient in state building, which served to give legitimacy in regulating the supplyof labour. The early history of the Protector’s work in the 1870s is given special attention asregards the introduction into Natal of freed slaves from the Indian Ocean coast, of indenturedlabourers from India, and of ‘Amatonga’ migrant workers from Mozambique. An 1877 murdercase is discussed, which led to the forced resignation of a Protector, as it threatened to underminethe respectability of the institution. The article shows the continuities that existed between formsof servitude from slavery and forced labour through the recruitment of ‘liberated Africans’ andindentured Indians to more recent types of migrant and voluntary wage labour.

},

keywords = {19th century, africa, indian ocean, intendured labour, migration and mobility, slavery, South Africa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Remembrance on the Migration Movements in Macedonia after the Russian-Ottoman War of 1877-1878},

author = {Biljana Ristovska-Josifovska},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Balkanistic Forum},

volume = {XXIV},

issue = {3},

abstract = {The events in Macedonia, associated with the end of the Russo-Ottoman War (1877-1878) and the unsuccessful liberation actions of the Macedonian people, created a complex political and economic situation, producing violence and exile. The paper focuses on the migrations as consequences, researching the reflection in various forms of stored memories and memorized history.

},

keywords = {19th century, central and eastern europe, macedonia, migration and mobility, ottoman empire, russia},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {From rags to restaurants: self-determination, entrepreneurship and integration amongst Muslim immigrants in Newcastle upon Tyne in comparative perspective, 1960s-1990s},

author = {Sarah Hackett},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

urldate = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Twentieth Century British History},

volume = {25},

issue = {1},

pages = {132-154},

abstract = {This article traces the development of entrepreneurship amongst Newcastle’s post-war Muslim immigrant community. A comparison with the German city of Bremen helps expose the long-term legacies of immigration histories and policies, and the role that Islam plays in determining levels of ethnic entrepreneurship. By drawing upon government documents and correspondence, Census material and a range of secondary literature, this article asserts that the scholarship on immigrant aspirations and self-determination in the British labour market during the post-Second World War period needs revising.

},

keywords = {20th century, ethnic and religious minorities, germany, labour markets, migration and mobility, united kingdom},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}