1.
Greenfield-Liebst, Michelle
Labour and Christianity in the Missions: African Workers in Tanganyika and Zanzibar, 1864-1926. Book
2021.
@book{nokey,
title = {Labour and Christianity in the Missions: African Workers in Tanganyika and Zanzibar, 1864-1926.},
author = {Michelle Greenfield-Liebst},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
abstract = {The findings expose how missionaries, as some of earliest examples of Europeans who tried to control African labour, supported and undermined certain livelihood trajectories. Despite the abolition of slavery in 1897 in Zanzibar and the fact that the UMCA was closely linked with the anti-slavery movement, ex-slaves continued to struggle with their social status.
},
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The findings expose how missionaries, as some of earliest examples of Europeans who tried to control African labour, supported and undermined certain livelihood trajectories. Despite the abolition of slavery in 1897 in Zanzibar and the fact that the UMCA was closely linked with the anti-slavery movement, ex-slaves continued to struggle with their social status.
2.
Campbell, Gwyn; Stanziani, Alessandro (Ed.)
The Palgrave Handbook of Human Rights and Bondage in the Indian Ocean and Africa Collection
2020.
@collection{nokey,
title = {The Palgrave Handbook of Human Rights and Bondage in the Indian Ocean and Africa},
editor = {Gwyn Campbell and Alessandro Stanziani},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
abstract = {In the West, human bondage remains synonymous with the Atlantic slave trade. But large slave systems in Africa and Asia predated, co-existed, and overlapped with the Atlantic system—and have persisted in modified forms well into the twenty-first century, posing major threats to political and economic stability within those regions and worldwide. This handbook examines the deep historical roots of unfree labour in Africa and Asia along with its contemporary manifestations. It takes an innovative longue durée perspective in order to link the local and global, the past and present. Contributors trace shifting forms of forced labour in the region since circa 1800, connecting punctual shocks such as environmental crisis, conflict, market instability, and crop failure to human security threats such as impoverishment, violence, migration, kidnapping, and enslavement. Together, these chapters illuminate the historical and contemporary dimensions of bondage in Africa and Asia.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
In the West, human bondage remains synonymous with the Atlantic slave trade. But large slave systems in Africa and Asia predated, co-existed, and overlapped with the Atlantic system—and have persisted in modified forms well into the twenty-first century, posing major threats to political and economic stability within those regions and worldwide. This handbook examines the deep historical roots of unfree labour in Africa and Asia along with its contemporary manifestations. It takes an innovative longue durée perspective in order to link the local and global, the past and present. Contributors trace shifting forms of forced labour in the region since circa 1800, connecting punctual shocks such as environmental crisis, conflict, market instability, and crop failure to human security threats such as impoverishment, violence, migration, kidnapping, and enslavement. Together, these chapters illuminate the historical and contemporary dimensions of bondage in Africa and Asia.
3.
Kaarsholm, Preben; Frederiksen, Bodil Folke
Amaoti and Pumwani: Studying Urban Informality in South Africa and Kenya Journal Article
In: African Studies, vol. 79, iss. 1, pp. 51-73, 2019.
@article{nokey,
title = {Amaoti and Pumwani: Studying Urban Informality in South Africa and Kenya},
author = {Preben Kaarsholm and Bodil Folke Frederiksen},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = { African Studies},
volume = {79},
issue = {1},
pages = {51-73},
abstract = {Based on the authors’ parallel projects of research and fieldwork inurban informal settlements in Durban and Nairobi, the article usescomparison to bring out similarities and differences in thedynamics of informality in a South African and Kenyan setting. Thearticle examines three dimensions of informality – the informal economy, informal housing and informal politics – as they play intothe lives of youth, popular culture, moral debate, and local politicalcontestations. The two historical trajectories of settler colonial statebuilding and urban influx control and segregation in South Africaand Kenya are contrasted, together with the struggles that accompanied decolonisation and the transitions to democracy. The article discusses the ways in which informal entrepreneurship has different weight and possibilities in the South African and theKenyan case, and shows the impact of different expectations ofstate delivery in the two environments. In conclusion, the authorstry to assess comparatively whether developments in the two cases of urban informal settlement in Durban and Nairobi are converging,or whether they exhibit different patterns of urban integration.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Based on the authors’ parallel projects of research and fieldwork inurban informal settlements in Durban and Nairobi, the article usescomparison to bring out similarities and differences in thedynamics of informality in a South African and Kenyan setting. Thearticle examines three dimensions of informality – the informal economy, informal housing and informal politics – as they play intothe lives of youth, popular culture, moral debate, and local politicalcontestations. The two historical trajectories of settler colonial statebuilding and urban influx control and segregation in South Africaand Kenya are contrasted, together with the struggles that accompanied decolonisation and the transitions to democracy. The article discusses the ways in which informal entrepreneurship has different weight and possibilities in the South African and theKenyan case, and shows the impact of different expectations ofstate delivery in the two environments. In conclusion, the authorstry to assess comparatively whether developments in the two cases of urban informal settlement in Durban and Nairobi are converging,or whether they exhibit different patterns of urban integration.
4.
Ulrich, Nicole
“Journeying into Freedom”: Traditions of Desertion at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652-1795 Book Chapter
In: Rediker, Marcus; Chakraborty, Titas; van Rossum, Matthias (Ed.): A Global History of Runaways: Workers, Mobility and Capitalism, 1600-1850, pp. 115-134, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {“Journeying into Freedom”: Traditions of Desertion at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652-1795},
author = {Nicole Ulrich},
editor = {Marcus Rediker and Titas Chakraborty and Matthias van Rossum},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {A Global History of Runaways: Workers, Mobility and Capitalism, 1600-1850},
pages = {115-134},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
5.
Stanziani, Alessandro
Labor on the Fringes of Empire. Voice, Exit and the Law Book
2018.
@book{nokey,
title = {Labor on the Fringes of Empire. Voice, Exit and the Law},
author = {Alessandro Stanziani},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
abstract = {After the abolition of slavery in the Indian Ocean and Africa, the world of labor remained unequal, exploitative, and violent, straddling a fine line between freedom and unfreedom. This book explains why. Unseating the Atlantic paradigm of bondage and drawing from a rich array of colonial, estate, plantation and judicial archives, Alessandro Stanziani investigates the evolution of labor relationships on the Indian subcontinent, the Indian Ocean and Africa, with case studies on Assam, the Mascarene Islands and the French Congo. He finds surprising relationships between African and Indian abolition movements and European labor practices, inviting readers to think in terms of trans-oceanic connections rather than simple oppositions. Above all, he considers how the meaning and practices of freedom in the colonial world differed profoundly from those in the mainland.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
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After the abolition of slavery in the Indian Ocean and Africa, the world of labor remained unequal, exploitative, and violent, straddling a fine line between freedom and unfreedom. This book explains why. Unseating the Atlantic paradigm of bondage and drawing from a rich array of colonial, estate, plantation and judicial archives, Alessandro Stanziani investigates the evolution of labor relationships on the Indian subcontinent, the Indian Ocean and Africa, with case studies on Assam, the Mascarene Islands and the French Congo. He finds surprising relationships between African and Indian abolition movements and European labor practices, inviting readers to think in terms of trans-oceanic connections rather than simple oppositions. Above all, he considers how the meaning and practices of freedom in the colonial world differed profoundly from those in the mainland.
6.
Evans, Chris; Rydén, Göran
‘Voyage Iron’: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, its European Origins, and West African Impact Journal Article
In: Past & Present, vol. 239, iss. 1, 2018.
@article{nokey,
title = {‘Voyage Iron’: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, its European Origins, and West African Impact},
author = {Chris Evans and Göran Rydén},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Past & Present},
volume = {239},
issue = {1},
abstract = {An array of goods was traded to Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Many were eye-catching consumer goods; others were far more mundane, including ‘voyage iron’, a metal forged in northern Europe, bars of which acted as a currency along the West African coast. This article examines the geography of voyage iron production, showing that it originated in places – primarily Sweden – that are not often thought of as being connected to Atlantic commerce. It then considers the impact that European iron had on West Africa, where iron smelting was very well-established locally. The vibrancy of African metallurgy has led some distinguished Africanists to dismiss voyage iron as marginal to African needs. By contrast, it is contended here that European iron underpinned an agro-environmental transformation of the coastal forests in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and played a major role in the spread of New World crops in West Africa. Voyage iron was a superficially unremarkable producer good but it contributed to a profound reshaping of the economic geography of West Africa.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An array of goods was traded to Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Many were eye-catching consumer goods; others were far more mundane, including ‘voyage iron’, a metal forged in northern Europe, bars of which acted as a currency along the West African coast. This article examines the geography of voyage iron production, showing that it originated in places – primarily Sweden – that are not often thought of as being connected to Atlantic commerce. It then considers the impact that European iron had on West Africa, where iron smelting was very well-established locally. The vibrancy of African metallurgy has led some distinguished Africanists to dismiss voyage iron as marginal to African needs. By contrast, it is contended here that European iron underpinned an agro-environmental transformation of the coastal forests in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and played a major role in the spread of New World crops in West Africa. Voyage iron was a superficially unremarkable producer good but it contributed to a profound reshaping of the economic geography of West Africa.
7.
Byrne, Sian; Ulrich, Nicole; van der Walt, Lucien
Red, Black and Gold: FOSATU, South African Workerism, Syndicalism and the Nation Book Chapter
In: Webster, Edward; Pampillas, Karin (Ed.): The Unresolved National Question in South Africa, pp. 254-273, 2017.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Red, Black and Gold: FOSATU, South African Workerism, Syndicalism and the Nation},
author = {Sian Byrne and Nicole Ulrich and Lucien van der Walt},
editor = {Edward Webster and Karin Pampillas},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-01},
urldate = {2017-09-01},
booktitle = {The Unresolved National Question in South Africa},
pages = {254-273},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
8.
Rossi, Benedetta
What “Development” Does to Work Journal Article
In: International Labor and Working Class, iss. 92, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {What “Development” Does to Work},
author = {Benedetta Rossi},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-01},
journal = {International Labor and Working Class},
issue = {92},
abstract = {This article introduces a special issue on ‘Developmentalism, Labor, and the Slow Death of Slavery in Twentieth Century Africa’ guest-edited by Benedetta Rossi. It argues that by mobilizing the idea of development, both colonial and independent African governments were able to continue recruiting unpaid (or underpaid) labor—relabeled as “voluntary participation,” “self-help,” or “human investment” —after the passing of the ILO’s Forced Labor Convention in 1930. I ask what happens to our understanding of development if we focus not on the developers-beneficiaries dyad, but rather on employers-employees. Doing so opens up a renewed research agenda on the consequences of “aid” both for development workers (those formally employed by development institutions) and for so-called beneficiaries (those whose participation in development is represented as conducive to their own good).
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article introduces a special issue on ‘Developmentalism, Labor, and the Slow Death of Slavery in Twentieth Century Africa’ guest-edited by Benedetta Rossi. It argues that by mobilizing the idea of development, both colonial and independent African governments were able to continue recruiting unpaid (or underpaid) labor—relabeled as “voluntary participation,” “self-help,” or “human investment” —after the passing of the ILO’s Forced Labor Convention in 1930. I ask what happens to our understanding of development if we focus not on the developers-beneficiaries dyad, but rather on employers-employees. Doing so opens up a renewed research agenda on the consequences of “aid” both for development workers (those formally employed by development institutions) and for so-called beneficiaries (those whose participation in development is represented as conducive to their own good).
9.
Greenfield-Liebst, Michelle
Sin, Slave Status and the City in Zanzibar, 1864-c.1930 Journal Article
In: African Studies Review, vol. 60, pp. 139-60, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {Sin, Slave Status and the City in Zanzibar, 1864-c.1930},
author = {Michelle Greenfield-Liebst},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {African Studies Review},
volume = {60},
pages = {139-60},
abstract = {Missionaries believed that being an ex-slave or descendant of ex-slave went hand with urbanity and moral contagion. As far as the ex-slaves were concerned, the growing commercial centre of Zanzibar, and the coastal cultures it was associated with, were not only enticing, but crucial to social and economic mobility. Thus, though livelihoods could be found at the mission, young and able workers looked to the town to increase their chances of survival.
},
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pubstate = {published},
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}
Missionaries believed that being an ex-slave or descendant of ex-slave went hand with urbanity and moral contagion. As far as the ex-slaves were concerned, the growing commercial centre of Zanzibar, and the coastal cultures it was associated with, were not only enticing, but crucial to social and economic mobility. Thus, though livelihoods could be found at the mission, young and able workers looked to the town to increase their chances of survival.
10.
Rossi, Benedetta
Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage: Le droit colonial, la Société des Nations et la résistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920-1930 Journal Article
In: Annales (Histoire, Sciences Sociales), vol. 72, iss. 4, pp. 983-1021, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage: Le droit colonial, la Société des Nations et la résistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920-1930},
author = {Benedetta Rossi},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Annales (Histoire, Sciences Sociales)},
volume = {72},
issue = {4},
pages = {983-1021},
abstract = {This article argues that legal abolition is not enough to end slavery: laws must be enforced to create conditions in which those most vulnerable will feel able to safely take action against slavers. It shows that emancipation in the West African Sahel was initially propelled in the 1920s by the establishment of international surveillance mechanisms with the power to (de-)legitimize colonial rule at a time when no one was actively seeking to end slavery in this region, in spite of slavery having been legally abolished since 1905. The first half of the paper focuses on the ambiguities of European abolitionism and the interconnections between the League of Nations, France, and French administrators on the ground. The second half of the paper develops a micro-analysis of slave resistance, showing how enslaved and trafficked young women took advantage of international anti-slavery to incriminate slaveholders.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article argues that legal abolition is not enough to end slavery: laws must be enforced to create conditions in which those most vulnerable will feel able to safely take action against slavers. It shows that emancipation in the West African Sahel was initially propelled in the 1920s by the establishment of international surveillance mechanisms with the power to (de-)legitimize colonial rule at a time when no one was actively seeking to end slavery in this region, in spite of slavery having been legally abolished since 1905. The first half of the paper focuses on the ambiguities of European abolitionism and the interconnections between the League of Nations, France, and French administrators on the ground. The second half of the paper develops a micro-analysis of slave resistance, showing how enslaved and trafficked young women took advantage of international anti-slavery to incriminate slaveholders.
11.
Kaarsholm, Preben
Indian Ocean Networks and the Transmutations of Servitude: The Protector of Indian Immigrants and the Administration of Freed Slaves and Indentured Labourers in Durban in the 1870s Journal Article
In: Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 42, iss. 3, pp. 443-461, 2016.
@article{nokey,
title = {Indian Ocean Networks and the Transmutations of Servitude: The Protector of Indian Immigrants and the Administration of Freed Slaves and Indentured Labourers in Durban in the 1870s},
author = {Preben Kaarsholm},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Southern African Studies},
volume = {42},
issue = {3},
pages = { 443-461},
abstract = {Focusing on Durban and its harbour, the article discusses the importation of different kinds oftransnational bonded labour into Natal in the last half of the 19th century, and examines theways in which Southern African and Indian Ocean histories were intertwined in the processesthat built the colonial state. The institution of the Protector of Indian Immigrants is highlightedas a central ingredient in state building, which served to give legitimacy in regulating the supplyof labour. The early history of the Protector’s work in the 1870s is given special attention asregards the introduction into Natal of freed slaves from the Indian Ocean coast, of indenturedlabourers from India, and of ‘Amatonga’ migrant workers from Mozambique. An 1877 murdercase is discussed, which led to the forced resignation of a Protector, as it threatened to underminethe respectability of the institution. The article shows the continuities that existed between formsof servitude from slavery and forced labour through the recruitment of ‘liberated Africans’ andindentured Indians to more recent types of migrant and voluntary wage labour.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Focusing on Durban and its harbour, the article discusses the importation of different kinds oftransnational bonded labour into Natal in the last half of the 19th century, and examines theways in which Southern African and Indian Ocean histories were intertwined in the processesthat built the colonial state. The institution of the Protector of Indian Immigrants is highlightedas a central ingredient in state building, which served to give legitimacy in regulating the supplyof labour. The early history of the Protector’s work in the 1870s is given special attention asregards the introduction into Natal of freed slaves from the Indian Ocean coast, of indenturedlabourers from India, and of ‘Amatonga’ migrant workers from Mozambique. An 1877 murdercase is discussed, which led to the forced resignation of a Protector, as it threatened to underminethe respectability of the institution. The article shows the continuities that existed between formsof servitude from slavery and forced labour through the recruitment of ‘liberated Africans’ andindentured Indians to more recent types of migrant and voluntary wage labour.
12.
Spicksley, Judith
Contested enslavement: the Portuguese in Angola and the problem of debt, c. 1600-1800 Journal Article
In: Itinerario , vol. 39, iss. 2, pp. 247-275, 2015.
@article{nokey,
title = {Contested enslavement: the Portuguese in Angola and the problem of debt, c. 1600-1800},
author = {Judith Spicksley},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-02},
urldate = {2015-01-02},
journal = {Itinerario },
volume = {39},
issue = {2},
pages = {247-275},
abstract = {This article explores the contested legitimacy of enslavement for debt in the context of the transatlantic slave trade.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article explores the contested legitimacy of enslavement for debt in the context of the transatlantic slave trade.
13.
Rossi, Benedetta
From Slavery to Aid: Politics, Labour, and Ecology in the Nigerien Sahel, 1800-2000 Book
2015.
@book{nokey,
title = {From Slavery to Aid: Politics, Labour, and Ecology in the Nigerien Sahel, 1800-2000},
author = {Benedetta Rossi},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
abstract = {This book engages two major themes in African historiography, the slow death of slavery and the evolution of international development, and reveals their interrelation in the social history of the region of Ader in the Nigerien Sahel. It traces the historical transformations that turned a society where slavery was a fundamental institution into one governed by the goals and methods of ‘aid’. Covering about two centuries – from the pre-colonial power of the Caliphate of Sokoto to the aid-driven governments of the present – this study explores the problem that has remained the central conundrum throughout Ader’s history: how workers could meet subsistence needs and employers fulfil recruitment requirements in an area where natural resources are constantly exposed to the climatic hazards characteristic of the edge of the Sahara.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This book engages two major themes in African historiography, the slow death of slavery and the evolution of international development, and reveals their interrelation in the social history of the region of Ader in the Nigerien Sahel. It traces the historical transformations that turned a society where slavery was a fundamental institution into one governed by the goals and methods of ‘aid’. Covering about two centuries – from the pre-colonial power of the Caliphate of Sokoto to the aid-driven governments of the present – this study explores the problem that has remained the central conundrum throughout Ader’s history: how workers could meet subsistence needs and employers fulfil recruitment requirements in an area where natural resources are constantly exposed to the climatic hazards characteristic of the edge of the Sahara.
14.
Greenfield-Liebst, Michelle
African Workers and the Universities‘ Mission to Central Africa in Zanzibar, 1864–1900 Journal Article
In: Journal of Eastern African Studies, vol. 8, iss. 3, pp. 366-381, 2014.
@article{nokey,
title = {African Workers and the Universities‘ Mission to Central Africa in Zanzibar, 1864–1900},
author = {Michelle Greenfield-Liebst },
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Eastern African Studies},
volume = {8},
issue = {3},
pages = {366-381},
abstract = {This article explores the connections between African workers and Christian missions in late nineteenth-century Zanzibar. The main finding is that missionaries found themselves hiring slaves in order to build their cathedral, which is ironically a symbol of abolition.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
This article explores the connections between African workers and Christian missions in late nineteenth-century Zanzibar. The main finding is that missionaries found themselves hiring slaves in order to build their cathedral, which is ironically a symbol of abolition.
15.
Hofmeester, Karin; Lucassen, Jan; da Silva, Filipa Ribeiro
No Global history without Africa: Reciprocal Comparison and Beyond Journal Article
In: History in Africa. A Journal of Method, iss. 41, pp. 249-276, 2014.
@article{nokey,
title = {No Global history without Africa: Reciprocal Comparison and Beyond},
author = {Karin Hofmeester and Jan Lucassen and Filipa Ribeiro da Silva},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {History in Africa. A Journal of Method},
issue = {41},
pages = {249-276},
abstract = {This introduction explains why it is important to include the history of labor and labor relations in Africa in Global Labor History. It suggests that the approach of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations 1500–2000 – with its taxonomy of labour relations – is a feasible method for applying this approach to the historiography on labor history in Africa.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This introduction explains why it is important to include the history of labor and labor relations in Africa in Global Labor History. It suggests that the approach of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations 1500–2000 – with its taxonomy of labour relations – is a feasible method for applying this approach to the historiography on labor history in Africa.
16.
Spicksley, Judith
Pawns on the Gold Coast: the rise of Asante and shifts in security for debt, 1680-1750 Journal Article
In: Journal of African History, vol. 54, iss. 2, pp. 147-175, 2013.
@article{nokey,
title = {Pawns on the Gold Coast: the rise of Asante and shifts in security for debt, 1680-1750},
author = {Judith Spicksley},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of African History},
volume = {54},
issue = {2},
pages = {147-175},
abstract = {This article examines the shifting demand for gold among the Asante and the rise in the use of human pawns on the Gold Coast.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article examines the shifting demand for gold among the Asante and the rise in the use of human pawns on the Gold Coast.
2021
Greenfield-Liebst, Michelle
Labour and Christianity in the Missions: African Workers in Tanganyika and Zanzibar, 1864-1926. Book
2021.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, africa, christianity, religion, slavery, Tanganjika, Zanzibar
@book{nokey,
title = {Labour and Christianity in the Missions: African Workers in Tanganyika and Zanzibar, 1864-1926.},
author = {Michelle Greenfield-Liebst},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
abstract = {The findings expose how missionaries, as some of earliest examples of Europeans who tried to control African labour, supported and undermined certain livelihood trajectories. Despite the abolition of slavery in 1897 in Zanzibar and the fact that the UMCA was closely linked with the anti-slavery movement, ex-slaves continued to struggle with their social status.
},
keywords = {19th century, 20th century, africa, christianity, religion, slavery, Tanganjika, Zanzibar},
pubstate = {published},
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The findings expose how missionaries, as some of earliest examples of Europeans who tried to control African labour, supported and undermined certain livelihood trajectories. Despite the abolition of slavery in 1897 in Zanzibar and the fact that the UMCA was closely linked with the anti-slavery movement, ex-slaves continued to struggle with their social status.
2020
Campbell, Gwyn; Stanziani, Alessandro (Ed.)
The Palgrave Handbook of Human Rights and Bondage in the Indian Ocean and Africa Collection
2020.
Abstract | Tags: africa, bonded labour, forced labour, humanitarianism, indian ocean, longue duree
@collection{nokey,
title = {The Palgrave Handbook of Human Rights and Bondage in the Indian Ocean and Africa},
editor = {Gwyn Campbell and Alessandro Stanziani},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
abstract = {In the West, human bondage remains synonymous with the Atlantic slave trade. But large slave systems in Africa and Asia predated, co-existed, and overlapped with the Atlantic system—and have persisted in modified forms well into the twenty-first century, posing major threats to political and economic stability within those regions and worldwide. This handbook examines the deep historical roots of unfree labour in Africa and Asia along with its contemporary manifestations. It takes an innovative longue durée perspective in order to link the local and global, the past and present. Contributors trace shifting forms of forced labour in the region since circa 1800, connecting punctual shocks such as environmental crisis, conflict, market instability, and crop failure to human security threats such as impoverishment, violence, migration, kidnapping, and enslavement. Together, these chapters illuminate the historical and contemporary dimensions of bondage in Africa and Asia.
},
keywords = {africa, bonded labour, forced labour, humanitarianism, indian ocean, longue duree},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
In the West, human bondage remains synonymous with the Atlantic slave trade. But large slave systems in Africa and Asia predated, co-existed, and overlapped with the Atlantic system—and have persisted in modified forms well into the twenty-first century, posing major threats to political and economic stability within those regions and worldwide. This handbook examines the deep historical roots of unfree labour in Africa and Asia along with its contemporary manifestations. It takes an innovative longue durée perspective in order to link the local and global, the past and present. Contributors trace shifting forms of forced labour in the region since circa 1800, connecting punctual shocks such as environmental crisis, conflict, market instability, and crop failure to human security threats such as impoverishment, violence, migration, kidnapping, and enslavement. Together, these chapters illuminate the historical and contemporary dimensions of bondage in Africa and Asia.
2019
Kaarsholm, Preben; Frederiksen, Bodil Folke
Amaoti and Pumwani: Studying Urban Informality in South Africa and Kenya Journal Article
In: African Studies, vol. 79, iss. 1, pp. 51-73, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: africa, contemporary, informality, kenya, qualitative research, South Africa, urbanity
@article{nokey,
title = {Amaoti and Pumwani: Studying Urban Informality in South Africa and Kenya},
author = {Preben Kaarsholm and Bodil Folke Frederiksen},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = { African Studies},
volume = {79},
issue = {1},
pages = {51-73},
abstract = {Based on the authors’ parallel projects of research and fieldwork inurban informal settlements in Durban and Nairobi, the article usescomparison to bring out similarities and differences in thedynamics of informality in a South African and Kenyan setting. Thearticle examines three dimensions of informality – the informal economy, informal housing and informal politics – as they play intothe lives of youth, popular culture, moral debate, and local politicalcontestations. The two historical trajectories of settler colonial statebuilding and urban influx control and segregation in South Africaand Kenya are contrasted, together with the struggles that accompanied decolonisation and the transitions to democracy. The article discusses the ways in which informal entrepreneurship has different weight and possibilities in the South African and theKenyan case, and shows the impact of different expectations ofstate delivery in the two environments. In conclusion, the authorstry to assess comparatively whether developments in the two cases of urban informal settlement in Durban and Nairobi are converging,or whether they exhibit different patterns of urban integration.
},
keywords = {africa, contemporary, informality, kenya, qualitative research, South Africa, urbanity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Based on the authors’ parallel projects of research and fieldwork inurban informal settlements in Durban and Nairobi, the article usescomparison to bring out similarities and differences in thedynamics of informality in a South African and Kenyan setting. Thearticle examines three dimensions of informality – the informal economy, informal housing and informal politics – as they play intothe lives of youth, popular culture, moral debate, and local politicalcontestations. The two historical trajectories of settler colonial statebuilding and urban influx control and segregation in South Africaand Kenya are contrasted, together with the struggles that accompanied decolonisation and the transitions to democracy. The article discusses the ways in which informal entrepreneurship has different weight and possibilities in the South African and theKenyan case, and shows the impact of different expectations ofstate delivery in the two environments. In conclusion, the authorstry to assess comparatively whether developments in the two cases of urban informal settlement in Durban and Nairobi are converging,or whether they exhibit different patterns of urban integration.
Ulrich, Nicole
“Journeying into Freedom”: Traditions of Desertion at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652-1795 Book Chapter
In: Rediker, Marcus; Chakraborty, Titas; van Rossum, Matthias (Ed.): A Global History of Runaways: Workers, Mobility and Capitalism, 1600-1850, pp. 115-134, 2019.
Tags: africa, early modern history, runaways, South Africa
@inbook{nokey,
title = {“Journeying into Freedom”: Traditions of Desertion at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652-1795},
author = {Nicole Ulrich},
editor = {Marcus Rediker and Titas Chakraborty and Matthias van Rossum},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {A Global History of Runaways: Workers, Mobility and Capitalism, 1600-1850},
pages = {115-134},
keywords = {africa, early modern history, runaways, South Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2018
Stanziani, Alessandro
Labor on the Fringes of Empire. Voice, Exit and the Law Book
2018.
Abstract | Tags: abolition, africa, bonded labour, india, indian ocean, slavery
@book{nokey,
title = {Labor on the Fringes of Empire. Voice, Exit and the Law},
author = {Alessandro Stanziani},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
abstract = {After the abolition of slavery in the Indian Ocean and Africa, the world of labor remained unequal, exploitative, and violent, straddling a fine line between freedom and unfreedom. This book explains why. Unseating the Atlantic paradigm of bondage and drawing from a rich array of colonial, estate, plantation and judicial archives, Alessandro Stanziani investigates the evolution of labor relationships on the Indian subcontinent, the Indian Ocean and Africa, with case studies on Assam, the Mascarene Islands and the French Congo. He finds surprising relationships between African and Indian abolition movements and European labor practices, inviting readers to think in terms of trans-oceanic connections rather than simple oppositions. Above all, he considers how the meaning and practices of freedom in the colonial world differed profoundly from those in the mainland.},
keywords = {abolition, africa, bonded labour, india, indian ocean, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
After the abolition of slavery in the Indian Ocean and Africa, the world of labor remained unequal, exploitative, and violent, straddling a fine line between freedom and unfreedom. This book explains why. Unseating the Atlantic paradigm of bondage and drawing from a rich array of colonial, estate, plantation and judicial archives, Alessandro Stanziani investigates the evolution of labor relationships on the Indian subcontinent, the Indian Ocean and Africa, with case studies on Assam, the Mascarene Islands and the French Congo. He finds surprising relationships between African and Indian abolition movements and European labor practices, inviting readers to think in terms of trans-oceanic connections rather than simple oppositions. Above all, he considers how the meaning and practices of freedom in the colonial world differed profoundly from those in the mainland.
Evans, Chris; Rydén, Göran
‘Voyage Iron’: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, its European Origins, and West African Impact Journal Article
In: Past & Present, vol. 239, iss. 1, 2018.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, africa, atlanic, commodity chains, early modern history, slavery, sweden
@article{nokey,
title = {‘Voyage Iron’: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, its European Origins, and West African Impact},
author = {Chris Evans and Göran Rydén},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Past & Present},
volume = {239},
issue = {1},
abstract = {An array of goods was traded to Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Many were eye-catching consumer goods; others were far more mundane, including ‘voyage iron’, a metal forged in northern Europe, bars of which acted as a currency along the West African coast. This article examines the geography of voyage iron production, showing that it originated in places – primarily Sweden – that are not often thought of as being connected to Atlantic commerce. It then considers the impact that European iron had on West Africa, where iron smelting was very well-established locally. The vibrancy of African metallurgy has led some distinguished Africanists to dismiss voyage iron as marginal to African needs. By contrast, it is contended here that European iron underpinned an agro-environmental transformation of the coastal forests in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and played a major role in the spread of New World crops in West Africa. Voyage iron was a superficially unremarkable producer good but it contributed to a profound reshaping of the economic geography of West Africa.
},
keywords = {19th century, africa, atlanic, commodity chains, early modern history, slavery, sweden},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An array of goods was traded to Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Many were eye-catching consumer goods; others were far more mundane, including ‘voyage iron’, a metal forged in northern Europe, bars of which acted as a currency along the West African coast. This article examines the geography of voyage iron production, showing that it originated in places – primarily Sweden – that are not often thought of as being connected to Atlantic commerce. It then considers the impact that European iron had on West Africa, where iron smelting was very well-established locally. The vibrancy of African metallurgy has led some distinguished Africanists to dismiss voyage iron as marginal to African needs. By contrast, it is contended here that European iron underpinned an agro-environmental transformation of the coastal forests in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and played a major role in the spread of New World crops in West Africa. Voyage iron was a superficially unremarkable producer good but it contributed to a profound reshaping of the economic geography of West Africa.
2017
Byrne, Sian; Ulrich, Nicole; van der Walt, Lucien
Red, Black and Gold: FOSATU, South African Workerism, Syndicalism and the Nation Book Chapter
In: Webster, Edward; Pampillas, Karin (Ed.): The Unresolved National Question in South Africa, pp. 254-273, 2017.
Tags: 20th century, africa, labour movements, nation state, South Africa, trade unions, working class
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Red, Black and Gold: FOSATU, South African Workerism, Syndicalism and the Nation},
author = {Sian Byrne and Nicole Ulrich and Lucien van der Walt},
editor = {Edward Webster and Karin Pampillas},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-01},
urldate = {2017-09-01},
booktitle = {The Unresolved National Question in South Africa},
pages = {254-273},
keywords = {20th century, africa, labour movements, nation state, South Africa, trade unions, working class},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Rossi, Benedetta
What “Development” Does to Work Journal Article
In: International Labor and Working Class, iss. 92, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, africa, development, international organisations
@article{nokey,
title = {What “Development” Does to Work},
author = {Benedetta Rossi},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-01},
journal = {International Labor and Working Class},
issue = {92},
abstract = {This article introduces a special issue on ‘Developmentalism, Labor, and the Slow Death of Slavery in Twentieth Century Africa’ guest-edited by Benedetta Rossi. It argues that by mobilizing the idea of development, both colonial and independent African governments were able to continue recruiting unpaid (or underpaid) labor—relabeled as “voluntary participation,” “self-help,” or “human investment” —after the passing of the ILO’s Forced Labor Convention in 1930. I ask what happens to our understanding of development if we focus not on the developers-beneficiaries dyad, but rather on employers-employees. Doing so opens up a renewed research agenda on the consequences of “aid” both for development workers (those formally employed by development institutions) and for so-called beneficiaries (those whose participation in development is represented as conducive to their own good).
},
keywords = {20th century, africa, development, international organisations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article introduces a special issue on ‘Developmentalism, Labor, and the Slow Death of Slavery in Twentieth Century Africa’ guest-edited by Benedetta Rossi. It argues that by mobilizing the idea of development, both colonial and independent African governments were able to continue recruiting unpaid (or underpaid) labor—relabeled as “voluntary participation,” “self-help,” or “human investment” —after the passing of the ILO’s Forced Labor Convention in 1930. I ask what happens to our understanding of development if we focus not on the developers-beneficiaries dyad, but rather on employers-employees. Doing so opens up a renewed research agenda on the consequences of “aid” both for development workers (those formally employed by development institutions) and for so-called beneficiaries (those whose participation in development is represented as conducive to their own good).
Greenfield-Liebst, Michelle
Sin, Slave Status and the City in Zanzibar, 1864-c.1930 Journal Article
In: African Studies Review, vol. 60, pp. 139-60, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, africa, christianity, slavery, Zanzibar
@article{nokey,
title = {Sin, Slave Status and the City in Zanzibar, 1864-c.1930},
author = {Michelle Greenfield-Liebst},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {African Studies Review},
volume = {60},
pages = {139-60},
abstract = {Missionaries believed that being an ex-slave or descendant of ex-slave went hand with urbanity and moral contagion. As far as the ex-slaves were concerned, the growing commercial centre of Zanzibar, and the coastal cultures it was associated with, were not only enticing, but crucial to social and economic mobility. Thus, though livelihoods could be found at the mission, young and able workers looked to the town to increase their chances of survival.
},
keywords = {19th century, 20th century, africa, christianity, slavery, Zanzibar},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Missionaries believed that being an ex-slave or descendant of ex-slave went hand with urbanity and moral contagion. As far as the ex-slaves were concerned, the growing commercial centre of Zanzibar, and the coastal cultures it was associated with, were not only enticing, but crucial to social and economic mobility. Thus, though livelihoods could be found at the mission, young and able workers looked to the town to increase their chances of survival.
Rossi, Benedetta
Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage: Le droit colonial, la Société des Nations et la résistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920-1930 Journal Article
In: Annales (Histoire, Sciences Sociales), vol. 72, iss. 4, pp. 983-1021, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, abolition, africa, slavery
@article{nokey,
title = {Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage: Le droit colonial, la Société des Nations et la résistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920-1930},
author = {Benedetta Rossi},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Annales (Histoire, Sciences Sociales)},
volume = {72},
issue = {4},
pages = {983-1021},
abstract = {This article argues that legal abolition is not enough to end slavery: laws must be enforced to create conditions in which those most vulnerable will feel able to safely take action against slavers. It shows that emancipation in the West African Sahel was initially propelled in the 1920s by the establishment of international surveillance mechanisms with the power to (de-)legitimize colonial rule at a time when no one was actively seeking to end slavery in this region, in spite of slavery having been legally abolished since 1905. The first half of the paper focuses on the ambiguities of European abolitionism and the interconnections between the League of Nations, France, and French administrators on the ground. The second half of the paper develops a micro-analysis of slave resistance, showing how enslaved and trafficked young women took advantage of international anti-slavery to incriminate slaveholders.
},
keywords = {20th century, abolition, africa, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article argues that legal abolition is not enough to end slavery: laws must be enforced to create conditions in which those most vulnerable will feel able to safely take action against slavers. It shows that emancipation in the West African Sahel was initially propelled in the 1920s by the establishment of international surveillance mechanisms with the power to (de-)legitimize colonial rule at a time when no one was actively seeking to end slavery in this region, in spite of slavery having been legally abolished since 1905. The first half of the paper focuses on the ambiguities of European abolitionism and the interconnections between the League of Nations, France, and French administrators on the ground. The second half of the paper develops a micro-analysis of slave resistance, showing how enslaved and trafficked young women took advantage of international anti-slavery to incriminate slaveholders.
2016
Kaarsholm, Preben
Indian Ocean Networks and the Transmutations of Servitude: The Protector of Indian Immigrants and the Administration of Freed Slaves and Indentured Labourers in Durban in the 1870s Journal Article
In: Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 42, iss. 3, pp. 443-461, 2016.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, africa, indian ocean, intendured labour, migration and mobility, slavery, South Africa
@article{nokey,
title = {Indian Ocean Networks and the Transmutations of Servitude: The Protector of Indian Immigrants and the Administration of Freed Slaves and Indentured Labourers in Durban in the 1870s},
author = {Preben Kaarsholm},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Southern African Studies},
volume = {42},
issue = {3},
pages = { 443-461},
abstract = {Focusing on Durban and its harbour, the article discusses the importation of different kinds oftransnational bonded labour into Natal in the last half of the 19th century, and examines theways in which Southern African and Indian Ocean histories were intertwined in the processesthat built the colonial state. The institution of the Protector of Indian Immigrants is highlightedas a central ingredient in state building, which served to give legitimacy in regulating the supplyof labour. The early history of the Protector’s work in the 1870s is given special attention asregards the introduction into Natal of freed slaves from the Indian Ocean coast, of indenturedlabourers from India, and of ‘Amatonga’ migrant workers from Mozambique. An 1877 murdercase is discussed, which led to the forced resignation of a Protector, as it threatened to underminethe respectability of the institution. The article shows the continuities that existed between formsof servitude from slavery and forced labour through the recruitment of ‘liberated Africans’ andindentured Indians to more recent types of migrant and voluntary wage labour.
},
keywords = {19th century, africa, indian ocean, intendured labour, migration and mobility, slavery, South Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Focusing on Durban and its harbour, the article discusses the importation of different kinds oftransnational bonded labour into Natal in the last half of the 19th century, and examines theways in which Southern African and Indian Ocean histories were intertwined in the processesthat built the colonial state. The institution of the Protector of Indian Immigrants is highlightedas a central ingredient in state building, which served to give legitimacy in regulating the supplyof labour. The early history of the Protector’s work in the 1870s is given special attention asregards the introduction into Natal of freed slaves from the Indian Ocean coast, of indenturedlabourers from India, and of ‘Amatonga’ migrant workers from Mozambique. An 1877 murdercase is discussed, which led to the forced resignation of a Protector, as it threatened to underminethe respectability of the institution. The article shows the continuities that existed between formsof servitude from slavery and forced labour through the recruitment of ‘liberated Africans’ andindentured Indians to more recent types of migrant and voluntary wage labour.
2015
Spicksley, Judith
Contested enslavement: the Portuguese in Angola and the problem of debt, c. 1600-1800 Journal Article
In: Itinerario , vol. 39, iss. 2, pp. 247-275, 2015.
Abstract | Tags: africa, angola, atlanic, debt, early modern history, slavery
@article{nokey,
title = {Contested enslavement: the Portuguese in Angola and the problem of debt, c. 1600-1800},
author = {Judith Spicksley},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-02},
urldate = {2015-01-02},
journal = {Itinerario },
volume = {39},
issue = {2},
pages = {247-275},
abstract = {This article explores the contested legitimacy of enslavement for debt in the context of the transatlantic slave trade.
},
keywords = {africa, angola, atlanic, debt, early modern history, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article explores the contested legitimacy of enslavement for debt in the context of the transatlantic slave trade.
Rossi, Benedetta
From Slavery to Aid: Politics, Labour, and Ecology in the Nigerien Sahel, 1800-2000 Book
2015.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, africa, development
@book{nokey,
title = {From Slavery to Aid: Politics, Labour, and Ecology in the Nigerien Sahel, 1800-2000},
author = {Benedetta Rossi},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
abstract = {This book engages two major themes in African historiography, the slow death of slavery and the evolution of international development, and reveals their interrelation in the social history of the region of Ader in the Nigerien Sahel. It traces the historical transformations that turned a society where slavery was a fundamental institution into one governed by the goals and methods of ‘aid’. Covering about two centuries – from the pre-colonial power of the Caliphate of Sokoto to the aid-driven governments of the present – this study explores the problem that has remained the central conundrum throughout Ader’s history: how workers could meet subsistence needs and employers fulfil recruitment requirements in an area where natural resources are constantly exposed to the climatic hazards characteristic of the edge of the Sahara.
},
keywords = {19th century, 20th century, africa, development},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This book engages two major themes in African historiography, the slow death of slavery and the evolution of international development, and reveals their interrelation in the social history of the region of Ader in the Nigerien Sahel. It traces the historical transformations that turned a society where slavery was a fundamental institution into one governed by the goals and methods of ‘aid’. Covering about two centuries – from the pre-colonial power of the Caliphate of Sokoto to the aid-driven governments of the present – this study explores the problem that has remained the central conundrum throughout Ader’s history: how workers could meet subsistence needs and employers fulfil recruitment requirements in an area where natural resources are constantly exposed to the climatic hazards characteristic of the edge of the Sahara.
2014
Greenfield-Liebst, Michelle
African Workers and the Universities‘ Mission to Central Africa in Zanzibar, 1864–1900 Journal Article
In: Journal of Eastern African Studies, vol. 8, iss. 3, pp. 366-381, 2014.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, africa, christianity, slavery, Zanzibar
@article{nokey,
title = {African Workers and the Universities‘ Mission to Central Africa in Zanzibar, 1864–1900},
author = {Michelle Greenfield-Liebst },
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Eastern African Studies},
volume = {8},
issue = {3},
pages = {366-381},
abstract = {This article explores the connections between African workers and Christian missions in late nineteenth-century Zanzibar. The main finding is that missionaries found themselves hiring slaves in order to build their cathedral, which is ironically a symbol of abolition.
},
keywords = {19th century, africa, christianity, slavery, Zanzibar},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article explores the connections between African workers and Christian missions in late nineteenth-century Zanzibar. The main finding is that missionaries found themselves hiring slaves in order to build their cathedral, which is ironically a symbol of abolition.
Hofmeester, Karin; Lucassen, Jan; da Silva, Filipa Ribeiro
No Global history without Africa: Reciprocal Comparison and Beyond Journal Article
In: History in Africa. A Journal of Method, iss. 41, pp. 249-276, 2014.
Abstract | Tags: africa, global labour history, longue duree
@article{nokey,
title = {No Global history without Africa: Reciprocal Comparison and Beyond},
author = {Karin Hofmeester and Jan Lucassen and Filipa Ribeiro da Silva},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {History in Africa. A Journal of Method},
issue = {41},
pages = {249-276},
abstract = {This introduction explains why it is important to include the history of labor and labor relations in Africa in Global Labor History. It suggests that the approach of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations 1500–2000 – with its taxonomy of labour relations – is a feasible method for applying this approach to the historiography on labor history in Africa.
},
keywords = {africa, global labour history, longue duree},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This introduction explains why it is important to include the history of labor and labor relations in Africa in Global Labor History. It suggests that the approach of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations 1500–2000 – with its taxonomy of labour relations – is a feasible method for applying this approach to the historiography on labor history in Africa.
2013
Spicksley, Judith
Pawns on the Gold Coast: the rise of Asante and shifts in security for debt, 1680-1750 Journal Article
In: Journal of African History, vol. 54, iss. 2, pp. 147-175, 2013.
Abstract | Tags: africa, debt, early modern history, gold coast
@article{nokey,
title = {Pawns on the Gold Coast: the rise of Asante and shifts in security for debt, 1680-1750},
author = {Judith Spicksley},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of African History},
volume = {54},
issue = {2},
pages = {147-175},
abstract = {This article examines the shifting demand for gold among the Asante and the rise in the use of human pawns on the Gold Coast.},
keywords = {africa, debt, early modern history, gold coast},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article examines the shifting demand for gold among the Asante and the rise in the use of human pawns on the Gold Coast.