1.
Grubački, Isidora
Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia Book Chapter
In: Betti, Eloisa; Papastefanaki, Leda; Tolomelli, Marica; Zimmermann, Susan (Ed.): Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century, 2022.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia},
author = {Isidora Grubački},
editor = {Eloisa Betti and Leda Papastefanaki and Marica Tolomelli and Susan Zimmermann},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
urldate = {2022-09-01},
booktitle = {Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century},
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The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.
2.
Suodenjoki, Sami
Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914 Book Chapter
In: Regan, Joe; Smith, Cathal (Ed.): Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914, pp. 170-184, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914},
author = {Sami Suodenjoki},
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year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914},
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},
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This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
3.
Byrne, Sian; Ulrich, Nicole; van der Walt, Lucien
Red, Black and Gold: FOSATU, South African Workerism, Syndicalism and the Nation Book Chapter
In: Webster, Edward; Pampillas, Karin (Ed.): The Unresolved National Question in South Africa, pp. 254-273, 2017.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Red, Black and Gold: FOSATU, South African Workerism, Syndicalism and the Nation},
author = {Sian Byrne and Nicole Ulrich and Lucien van der Walt},
editor = {Edward Webster and Karin Pampillas},
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pages = {254-273},
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4.
Zimmermann, Susan
Equality of Women’s Economic Status? A Major Bone of Contention in the International Gender Politics Emerging During the Interwar Period Journal Article
In: The International History Review, vol. 41, iss. 1, pp. 200-227, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {Equality of Women’s Economic Status? A Major Bone of Contention in the International Gender Politics Emerging During the Interwar Period},
author = {Susan Zimmermann},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {The International History Review},
volume = {41},
issue = {1},
pages = {200-227},
abstract = {This study brings together the often disparate scholarship on the League of Nations and the ILO. It follows the interactions between the League, women internationalists, and the ILO, which evolved around the question of woman-specific labor legislation and the equality of women's status. These interactions resulted in a broadening mandate of international gender policies while deepening the institutional and legal distinction between women's ‘political and civil’ as opposed to their ‘economic’ status. The ILO insisted on certain forms of women-specific labor regulation as a means of conjoining progressive gender and class politics, and was anxious to ensure its competence in all matters concerning women's economic status. The gender equality doctrine gaining ground in the League was rooted in a liberal-feminist paradigm which rejected the association of gender politics with such class concerns, and indeed aimed to force back the ILO's politics of gender-specific international labor standards. As a result of the widening divide between the women's policies of the League and the ILO, the international networks of labor women reduced their engagement with women's activism at the League. The developments of the 1930s deepened the tension between liberal feminism and feminisms engaging with class inequalities, and would have problematic long-term consequences for international gender politics.
},
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pubstate = {published},
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This study brings together the often disparate scholarship on the League of Nations and the ILO. It follows the interactions between the League, women internationalists, and the ILO, which evolved around the question of woman-specific labor legislation and the equality of women's status. These interactions resulted in a broadening mandate of international gender policies while deepening the institutional and legal distinction between women's ‘political and civil’ as opposed to their ‘economic’ status. The ILO insisted on certain forms of women-specific labor regulation as a means of conjoining progressive gender and class politics, and was anxious to ensure its competence in all matters concerning women's economic status. The gender equality doctrine gaining ground in the League was rooted in a liberal-feminist paradigm which rejected the association of gender politics with such class concerns, and indeed aimed to force back the ILO's politics of gender-specific international labor standards. As a result of the widening divide between the women's policies of the League and the ILO, the international networks of labor women reduced their engagement with women's activism at the League. The developments of the 1930s deepened the tension between liberal feminism and feminisms engaging with class inequalities, and would have problematic long-term consequences for international gender politics.
5.
Pizzolato, Nico
The IWW in Turin: “Militant History,” Workers’ Struggle, and the Crisis of Fordism in 1970s Italy Journal Article
In: International Labor and Working Class History, vol. 91, pp. 109-126, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {The IWW in Turin: “Militant History,” Workers’ Struggle, and the Crisis of Fordism in 1970s Italy},
author = {Nico Pizzolato},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {International Labor and Working Class History},
volume = {91},
pages = {109-126},
abstract = {This article analyses how in the 1970s a segment of Italian radical activists belonging to the tradition of operaismo (workerism) appropriated and interrogated the history of the International Workers of the World (IWW) using it as a tool of political intervention in the Italian context. Following the upheaval of the ‘Hot Autumn’, the IWW provided to the Italians an inspiring comparison with a militant labour organisation in times of changing composition of the working class and of transformation of the organisation of production. The importance of this political use of the past lies in the way it illuminates the particular context in which these activists operated. In the course of the 1970s, Italian radicals responded to the normalization of industrial relations by joining groups that endorsed a political line tinted with Leninism and advocated a revolution led by a vanguard of militants. This was in contrast to the tenets of shopfloor-centered strategy and grassroots and shopfloor participation typical of operaismo. The – eventually – failed attempt of the ‘militant historians’ to revive, through their distinctive interpretation of the IWW, that political tradition sheds light on the success of the backlash against shopfloor working class militancy at the end of the decade, when vanguard groups had become marginal in the factories and reformist unions lacked a political clout to oppose company restructuring and relocation. This article is based on articles, memoirs and interviews that are evidence of the politically-driven debate about the IWW among Italian radicals. It improves on the existing historiography of the Italian labour movement by resisting its teleological impulse to explain the backlash on the 1980s as an inevitable outcome. It also contributes to the burgeoning transnational labor historiography; it challenges methodological nationalism in the study of workers’ insurgency by charting the influence of US history far beyond its borders and across time, adopting a transnational approach that is, unusually, both geographical and a diachronic. This story tells us more about Italian history than it does about American history, but it is testimony to a far reaching influence of American history and to entanglements that crossed borders through the work of the activists, scholars, and translators who acted as transnational vehicles of ideas and political practices.
},
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This article analyses how in the 1970s a segment of Italian radical activists belonging to the tradition of operaismo (workerism) appropriated and interrogated the history of the International Workers of the World (IWW) using it as a tool of political intervention in the Italian context. Following the upheaval of the ‘Hot Autumn’, the IWW provided to the Italians an inspiring comparison with a militant labour organisation in times of changing composition of the working class and of transformation of the organisation of production. The importance of this political use of the past lies in the way it illuminates the particular context in which these activists operated. In the course of the 1970s, Italian radicals responded to the normalization of industrial relations by joining groups that endorsed a political line tinted with Leninism and advocated a revolution led by a vanguard of militants. This was in contrast to the tenets of shopfloor-centered strategy and grassroots and shopfloor participation typical of operaismo. The – eventually – failed attempt of the ‘militant historians’ to revive, through their distinctive interpretation of the IWW, that political tradition sheds light on the success of the backlash against shopfloor working class militancy at the end of the decade, when vanguard groups had become marginal in the factories and reformist unions lacked a political clout to oppose company restructuring and relocation. This article is based on articles, memoirs and interviews that are evidence of the politically-driven debate about the IWW among Italian radicals. It improves on the existing historiography of the Italian labour movement by resisting its teleological impulse to explain the backlash on the 1980s as an inevitable outcome. It also contributes to the burgeoning transnational labor historiography; it challenges methodological nationalism in the study of workers’ insurgency by charting the influence of US history far beyond its borders and across time, adopting a transnational approach that is, unusually, both geographical and a diachronic. This story tells us more about Italian history than it does about American history, but it is testimony to a far reaching influence of American history and to entanglements that crossed borders through the work of the activists, scholars, and translators who acted as transnational vehicles of ideas and political practices.
6.
Pizzolato, Nico
A new revolutionary practice: operaisti and the 'refusal of work' in 1970's Italy Journal Article
In: Estudos Históricos, 2017.
@article{nokey,
title = {A new revolutionary practice: operaisti and the 'refusal of work' in 1970's Italy},
author = {Nico Pizzolato},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Estudos Históricos},
abstract = {The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class.
},
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The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class.
7.
Kučera, Rudolf
Marginalizing Josefina: Work, Gender, and Protest in Bohemia 1820–1844 Journal Article
In: Journal of Social History, vol. 46, iss. 2, pp. 430-448, 2012.
@article{nokey,
title = {Marginalizing Josefina: Work, Gender, and Protest in Bohemia 1820–1844},
author = {Rudolf Kučera },
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Social History},
volume = {46},
issue = {2},
pages = {430-448},
abstract = {The study concentrates on the pre-1848 labor protests in Bohemia and analyzes them with respect to questions of gender. The paper explores how the codes and institutions of skilled labor masculinity shaped working-class collective action in pre-1848 Bohemia – one of the most industrialized European regions during the first half of the nineteenth century.
},
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The study concentrates on the pre-1848 labor protests in Bohemia and analyzes them with respect to questions of gender. The paper explores how the codes and institutions of skilled labor masculinity shaped working-class collective action in pre-1848 Bohemia – one of the most industrialized European regions during the first half of the nineteenth century.
2022
Grubački, Isidora
Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia Book Chapter
In: Betti, Eloisa; Papastefanaki, Leda; Tolomelli, Marica; Zimmermann, Susan (Ed.): Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century, 2022.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, feminism, gender, labour movements, socialism, yugoslavia
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia},
author = {Isidora Grubački},
editor = {Eloisa Betti and Leda Papastefanaki and Marica Tolomelli and Susan Zimmermann},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
urldate = {2022-09-01},
booktitle = {Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century},
abstract = {The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.},
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The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.
2019
Suodenjoki, Sami
Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914 Book Chapter
In: Regan, Joe; Smith, Cathal (Ed.): Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914, pp. 170-184, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, finland, labour movements, socialism, working class
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914},
author = {Sami Suodenjoki},
editor = {Joe Regan and Cathal Smith},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914},
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abstract = {This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
2017
Byrne, Sian; Ulrich, Nicole; van der Walt, Lucien
Red, Black and Gold: FOSATU, South African Workerism, Syndicalism and the Nation Book Chapter
In: Webster, Edward; Pampillas, Karin (Ed.): The Unresolved National Question in South Africa, pp. 254-273, 2017.
Tags: 20th century, africa, labour movements, nation state, South Africa, trade unions, working class
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Red, Black and Gold: FOSATU, South African Workerism, Syndicalism and the Nation},
author = {Sian Byrne and Nicole Ulrich and Lucien van der Walt},
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year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-01},
urldate = {2017-09-01},
booktitle = {The Unresolved National Question in South Africa},
pages = {254-273},
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Zimmermann, Susan
Equality of Women’s Economic Status? A Major Bone of Contention in the International Gender Politics Emerging During the Interwar Period Journal Article
In: The International History Review, vol. 41, iss. 1, pp. 200-227, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, feminism, gender, international organisations, labour movements
@article{nokey,
title = {Equality of Women’s Economic Status? A Major Bone of Contention in the International Gender Politics Emerging During the Interwar Period},
author = {Susan Zimmermann},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {The International History Review},
volume = {41},
issue = {1},
pages = {200-227},
abstract = {This study brings together the often disparate scholarship on the League of Nations and the ILO. It follows the interactions between the League, women internationalists, and the ILO, which evolved around the question of woman-specific labor legislation and the equality of women's status. These interactions resulted in a broadening mandate of international gender policies while deepening the institutional and legal distinction between women's ‘political and civil’ as opposed to their ‘economic’ status. The ILO insisted on certain forms of women-specific labor regulation as a means of conjoining progressive gender and class politics, and was anxious to ensure its competence in all matters concerning women's economic status. The gender equality doctrine gaining ground in the League was rooted in a liberal-feminist paradigm which rejected the association of gender politics with such class concerns, and indeed aimed to force back the ILO's politics of gender-specific international labor standards. As a result of the widening divide between the women's policies of the League and the ILO, the international networks of labor women reduced their engagement with women's activism at the League. The developments of the 1930s deepened the tension between liberal feminism and feminisms engaging with class inequalities, and would have problematic long-term consequences for international gender politics.
},
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This study brings together the often disparate scholarship on the League of Nations and the ILO. It follows the interactions between the League, women internationalists, and the ILO, which evolved around the question of woman-specific labor legislation and the equality of women's status. These interactions resulted in a broadening mandate of international gender policies while deepening the institutional and legal distinction between women's ‘political and civil’ as opposed to their ‘economic’ status. The ILO insisted on certain forms of women-specific labor regulation as a means of conjoining progressive gender and class politics, and was anxious to ensure its competence in all matters concerning women's economic status. The gender equality doctrine gaining ground in the League was rooted in a liberal-feminist paradigm which rejected the association of gender politics with such class concerns, and indeed aimed to force back the ILO's politics of gender-specific international labor standards. As a result of the widening divide between the women's policies of the League and the ILO, the international networks of labor women reduced their engagement with women's activism at the League. The developments of the 1930s deepened the tension between liberal feminism and feminisms engaging with class inequalities, and would have problematic long-term consequences for international gender politics.
Pizzolato, Nico
The IWW in Turin: “Militant History,” Workers’ Struggle, and the Crisis of Fordism in 1970s Italy Journal Article
In: International Labor and Working Class History, vol. 91, pp. 109-126, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, fordism, italy, labour movements
@article{nokey,
title = {The IWW in Turin: “Militant History,” Workers’ Struggle, and the Crisis of Fordism in 1970s Italy},
author = {Nico Pizzolato},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {International Labor and Working Class History},
volume = {91},
pages = {109-126},
abstract = {This article analyses how in the 1970s a segment of Italian radical activists belonging to the tradition of operaismo (workerism) appropriated and interrogated the history of the International Workers of the World (IWW) using it as a tool of political intervention in the Italian context. Following the upheaval of the ‘Hot Autumn’, the IWW provided to the Italians an inspiring comparison with a militant labour organisation in times of changing composition of the working class and of transformation of the organisation of production. The importance of this political use of the past lies in the way it illuminates the particular context in which these activists operated. In the course of the 1970s, Italian radicals responded to the normalization of industrial relations by joining groups that endorsed a political line tinted with Leninism and advocated a revolution led by a vanguard of militants. This was in contrast to the tenets of shopfloor-centered strategy and grassroots and shopfloor participation typical of operaismo. The – eventually – failed attempt of the ‘militant historians’ to revive, through their distinctive interpretation of the IWW, that political tradition sheds light on the success of the backlash against shopfloor working class militancy at the end of the decade, when vanguard groups had become marginal in the factories and reformist unions lacked a political clout to oppose company restructuring and relocation. This article is based on articles, memoirs and interviews that are evidence of the politically-driven debate about the IWW among Italian radicals. It improves on the existing historiography of the Italian labour movement by resisting its teleological impulse to explain the backlash on the 1980s as an inevitable outcome. It also contributes to the burgeoning transnational labor historiography; it challenges methodological nationalism in the study of workers’ insurgency by charting the influence of US history far beyond its borders and across time, adopting a transnational approach that is, unusually, both geographical and a diachronic. This story tells us more about Italian history than it does about American history, but it is testimony to a far reaching influence of American history and to entanglements that crossed borders through the work of the activists, scholars, and translators who acted as transnational vehicles of ideas and political practices.
},
keywords = {20th century, fordism, italy, labour movements},
pubstate = {published},
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This article analyses how in the 1970s a segment of Italian radical activists belonging to the tradition of operaismo (workerism) appropriated and interrogated the history of the International Workers of the World (IWW) using it as a tool of political intervention in the Italian context. Following the upheaval of the ‘Hot Autumn’, the IWW provided to the Italians an inspiring comparison with a militant labour organisation in times of changing composition of the working class and of transformation of the organisation of production. The importance of this political use of the past lies in the way it illuminates the particular context in which these activists operated. In the course of the 1970s, Italian radicals responded to the normalization of industrial relations by joining groups that endorsed a political line tinted with Leninism and advocated a revolution led by a vanguard of militants. This was in contrast to the tenets of shopfloor-centered strategy and grassroots and shopfloor participation typical of operaismo. The – eventually – failed attempt of the ‘militant historians’ to revive, through their distinctive interpretation of the IWW, that political tradition sheds light on the success of the backlash against shopfloor working class militancy at the end of the decade, when vanguard groups had become marginal in the factories and reformist unions lacked a political clout to oppose company restructuring and relocation. This article is based on articles, memoirs and interviews that are evidence of the politically-driven debate about the IWW among Italian radicals. It improves on the existing historiography of the Italian labour movement by resisting its teleological impulse to explain the backlash on the 1980s as an inevitable outcome. It also contributes to the burgeoning transnational labor historiography; it challenges methodological nationalism in the study of workers’ insurgency by charting the influence of US history far beyond its borders and across time, adopting a transnational approach that is, unusually, both geographical and a diachronic. This story tells us more about Italian history than it does about American history, but it is testimony to a far reaching influence of American history and to entanglements that crossed borders through the work of the activists, scholars, and translators who acted as transnational vehicles of ideas and political practices.
Pizzolato, Nico
A new revolutionary practice: operaisti and the 'refusal of work' in 1970's Italy Journal Article
In: Estudos Históricos, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, italy, labour movements, revolt and revolution
@article{nokey,
title = {A new revolutionary practice: operaisti and the 'refusal of work' in 1970's Italy},
author = {Nico Pizzolato},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Estudos Históricos},
abstract = {The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class.
},
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The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class.
2012
Kučera, Rudolf
Marginalizing Josefina: Work, Gender, and Protest in Bohemia 1820–1844 Journal Article
In: Journal of Social History, vol. 46, iss. 2, pp. 430-448, 2012.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, bohemian lands, gender, labour movements, working class
@article{nokey,
title = {Marginalizing Josefina: Work, Gender, and Protest in Bohemia 1820–1844},
author = {Rudolf Kučera },
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Social History},
volume = {46},
issue = {2},
pages = {430-448},
abstract = {The study concentrates on the pre-1848 labor protests in Bohemia and analyzes them with respect to questions of gender. The paper explores how the codes and institutions of skilled labor masculinity shaped working-class collective action in pre-1848 Bohemia – one of the most industrialized European regions during the first half of the nineteenth century.
},
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The study concentrates on the pre-1848 labor protests in Bohemia and analyzes them with respect to questions of gender. The paper explores how the codes and institutions of skilled labor masculinity shaped working-class collective action in pre-1848 Bohemia – one of the most industrialized European regions during the first half of the nineteenth century.