1.
Lambrecht, Thjis; Whittle, Jane (Ed.)
Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe: The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour, c.1350-1850 Collection
2023.
@collection{nokey,
title = {Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe: The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour, c.1350-1850},
author = { },
editor = {Thjis Lambrecht and Jane Whittle},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
urldate = {2023-05-01},
abstract = {Many economic historians have assumed that labour in Western Europe was 'free' after the end of serfdom in the fifteenth century. These assumptions are increasingly being questioned and labour laws have been identified as creating significant restrictions on workers' freedom. This collection is the first book to look at labour laws across Western Europe from a longer-term perspective. It is interdisciplinary in nature bringing together studies in social, political, economic and legal history.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
Many economic historians have assumed that labour in Western Europe was 'free' after the end of serfdom in the fifteenth century. These assumptions are increasingly being questioned and labour laws have been identified as creating significant restrictions on workers' freedom. This collection is the first book to look at labour laws across Western Europe from a longer-term perspective. It is interdisciplinary in nature bringing together studies in social, political, economic and legal history.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.
2.
Uppenberg, Carolina
Contracted Coercion: Land, Labour and Gender in the Swedish Crofter Institution Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 48, iss. 5, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Contracted Coercion: Land, Labour and Gender in the Swedish Crofter Institution},
author = {Carolina Uppenberg},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-30},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of History},
volume = {48},
issue = {5},
abstract = {In the early modern rural setting, labour was organized with varying degrees of coercion depending on landowning, social standing, and gender. This article analyses the crofter institution, characterized by corvée labour (obligatory work as payment), from the perspective of gender and coercion. The purpose is to answer the question of how the crofter institution was created, shaped, enabled and questioned. The right to establish a croft made the position as head of household available for men but it also increased social stratification. While crofters were masters of their households in contract signing, their position was ambiguous when it came to the organization of labour. Regarding physical integrity, crofters could be forced by physical violence and were subject to rules not connected to work, such as subservience. I argue that this was made acceptable through marriage and allowing the position as head of household to landless men. Crofters held an intermediate position, caught between the market logic of leasehold of land and the coercive logic of labour extraction, and this continued to colour the crofter institution until its final dissolution in 1943.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
In the early modern rural setting, labour was organized with varying degrees of coercion depending on landowning, social standing, and gender. This article analyses the crofter institution, characterized by corvée labour (obligatory work as payment), from the perspective of gender and coercion. The purpose is to answer the question of how the crofter institution was created, shaped, enabled and questioned. The right to establish a croft made the position as head of household available for men but it also increased social stratification. While crofters were masters of their households in contract signing, their position was ambiguous when it came to the organization of labour. Regarding physical integrity, crofters could be forced by physical violence and were subject to rules not connected to work, such as subservience. I argue that this was made acceptable through marriage and allowing the position as head of household to landless men. Crofters held an intermediate position, caught between the market logic of leasehold of land and the coercive logic of labour extraction, and this continued to colour the crofter institution until its final dissolution in 1943.
3.
Vilhelmsson, Vilhelm
Contested Households: Lodgers, Labour, and the Law in Rural Iceland in the Early 19th Century Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 48, iss. 5, pp. 572-592, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Contested Households: Lodgers, Labour, and the Law in Rural Iceland in the Early 19th Century},
author = {Vilhelm Vilhelmsson},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-05},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of History},
volume = {48},
issue = {5},
pages = {572-592},
abstract = {The historiography of labour in pre-industrial Iceland has commonly portrayed it first and foremost as life-cycle service in rural households and has suggested that, in a European context, the Icelandic system of compulsory service – or vistarband – was exceptionally harsh due to its broad scope and inflexibility. This approach has been built primarily on demographics and a normative analysis of legal sources. Less attention has been paid to the everyday practices of workers and their employers (or the state) as they manoeuvred within and around the labour legislation to establish working relationships to make ends meet. Similarly, ambiguities within the legislation and discrepancies between law and practice have rarely been explored, nor has people’s understanding of the principal concepts of the labour laws, concepts such as ‘household’, ‘farm’ and ‘servant’, been scrutinized. This article invokes such questions and provides a microhistorical analysis of two court cases which illustrate the nuances and ambiguities of putting such a broad-reaching set of regulations into practice in a pre-industrial rural setting.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The historiography of labour in pre-industrial Iceland has commonly portrayed it first and foremost as life-cycle service in rural households and has suggested that, in a European context, the Icelandic system of compulsory service – or vistarband – was exceptionally harsh due to its broad scope and inflexibility. This approach has been built primarily on demographics and a normative analysis of legal sources. Less attention has been paid to the everyday practices of workers and their employers (or the state) as they manoeuvred within and around the labour legislation to establish working relationships to make ends meet. Similarly, ambiguities within the legislation and discrepancies between law and practice have rarely been explored, nor has people’s understanding of the principal concepts of the labour laws, concepts such as ‘household’, ‘farm’ and ‘servant’, been scrutinized. This article invokes such questions and provides a microhistorical analysis of two court cases which illustrate the nuances and ambiguities of putting such a broad-reaching set of regulations into practice in a pre-industrial rural setting.
4.
Grubački, Isidora
Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia Book Chapter
In: Betti, Eloisa; Papastefanaki, Leda; Tolomelli, Marica; Zimmermann, Susan (Ed.): Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century, 2022.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia},
author = {Isidora Grubački},
editor = {Eloisa Betti and Leda Papastefanaki and Marica Tolomelli and Susan Zimmermann},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
urldate = {2022-09-01},
booktitle = {Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century},
abstract = {The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.
5.
Hackett, Sarah
Britain’s Rural Muslims: Rethinking Integration. Book
2020.
@book{nokey,
title = {Britain’s Rural Muslims: Rethinking Integration.},
author = {Sarah Hackett},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
abstract = {This study draws upon archival documentation and oral history interviews, and explores the integration of Muslim migrant communities in an English rural county across the post-1960s period. It focuses on a range of topics, including local government policy and migrants’ experiences in the labour and housing markets, education, and religious practice and recognition.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
This study draws upon archival documentation and oral history interviews, and explores the integration of Muslim migrant communities in an English rural county across the post-1960s period. It focuses on a range of topics, including local government policy and migrants’ experiences in the labour and housing markets, education, and religious practice and recognition.
6.
Angelova, Milena
Тhe Transfer of Modern Agricultural Knowledge among the Bulgarians in the Danube Province (1860s–1870s) Book Chapter
In: Iakovos D. Michailidis, Antoniou Giorgos (Ed.): Institution Building and Research under Foreign Domination Europe and the Black Sea Region (early 19th–early 20th centuries), pp. 93-106, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Тhe Transfer of Modern Agricultural Knowledge among the Bulgarians in the Danube Province (1860s–1870s)},
author = {Milena Angelova},
editor = {Iakovos D. Michailidis, Antoniou Giorgos},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Institution Building and Research under Foreign Domination Europe and the Black Sea Region (early 19th–early 20th centuries)},
pages = {93-106},
abstract = {This article discusses some problems related to the introduction of “agricultural enlightenment” among Bulgarians in the second half of the 19th century. This paper is structured in several accents. It firstly demonstrates the relationship between “the enlightened peasant” and the agricultural education in Western Europe during the 18th-19th centuries. This research mainly focuses on the first generation of Bulgarians who received agricultural education abroad. These graduates, the first generation of Bulgarian agronomists who graduated from European schools and universities, were regarded as “agents” for the transfer of agricultural knowledge, which acquainted Bulgarians with the “modern” West.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article discusses some problems related to the introduction of “agricultural enlightenment” among Bulgarians in the second half of the 19th century. This paper is structured in several accents. It firstly demonstrates the relationship between “the enlightened peasant” and the agricultural education in Western Europe during the 18th-19th centuries. This research mainly focuses on the first generation of Bulgarians who received agricultural education abroad. These graduates, the first generation of Bulgarian agronomists who graduated from European schools and universities, were regarded as “agents” for the transfer of agricultural knowledge, which acquainted Bulgarians with the “modern” West.
7.
Brgles, Branimir
Ljudi, prostor i mijene. Susedgradsko i donjostubičko vlastelinstvo 1450.–1700. Prilog istraživanju ranonovovjekovnih ruralnih društava [People, space and time. Susedgrad and Donja Stubica manorial estate 1450-1700. Contribution to the research of early modern rural societies]. Book
2019.
@book{nokey,
title = {Ljudi, prostor i mijene. Susedgradsko i donjostubičko vlastelinstvo 1450.–1700. Prilog istraživanju ranonovovjekovnih ruralnih društava [People, space and time. Susedgrad and Donja Stubica manorial estate 1450-1700. Contribution to the research of early modern rural societies].},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
8.
Suodenjoki, Sami
Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914 Book Chapter
In: Regan, Joe; Smith, Cathal (Ed.): Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914, pp. 170-184, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914},
author = {Sami Suodenjoki},
editor = {Joe Regan and Cathal Smith},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914},
pages = {170-184},
abstract = {This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
9.
Brgles, Branimir
Tko se buni pod Susedgradom i Stubicom? Prilog proučavanju društvenih nemira 1565.–1573. [Who is rebelling at Susedgrad and Stubica? Contribution to the research of the 1565–1573 peasant revolts] Journal Article
In: Povijesni priloz, vol. 55, pp. 139-204, 2018.
@article{nokey,
title = {Tko se buni pod Susedgradom i Stubicom? Prilog proučavanju društvenih nemira 1565.–1573. [Who is rebelling at Susedgrad and Stubica? Contribution to the research of the 1565–1573 peasant revolts]},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Povijesni priloz},
volume = {55},
pages = {139-204},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
10.
Brgles, Branimir
Second Serfdom in Croatia and Slavonia 1500-1700 Workshop
EAST. The Eastern European Economic History Initiative. The Origins and Legacies of the Little Divergence in Central and Eastern Europe. Weast Worskhop., Vienna, 2018.
@workshop{nokey,
title = {Second Serfdom in Croatia and Slavonia 1500-1700},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
booktitle = {EAST. The Eastern European Economic History Initiative. The Origins and Legacies of the Little Divergence in Central and Eastern Europe. Weast Worskhop.},
address = {Vienna},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
11.
Harnoncourt, Julia
Unfreie Arbeit: Trabalho escravo in der brasilianischen Landwirtschaft [Unfree labour. Trabalho escravo in the agricultural sector in Brazil] Book
2018.
@book{nokey,
title = {Unfreie Arbeit: Trabalho escravo in der brasilianischen Landwirtschaft [Unfree labour. Trabalho escravo in the agricultural sector in Brazil]},
author = {Julia Harnoncourt},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
abstract = {This book on unfree labour/trabalho escravo in the agricultural sector in Pará/Brazil, is based on an extensive interview study. Therein the specific labour relations are considered an outcome of local as well as global structures. Apart from the coercion inside the labour relation itself, local hierarchies, Brazil’s long history of slavery and other forms of unfree labour, the role of the state, racism and gender relations, as well as the incorporation of the Amazon basin and Brazil into the global economy all take part in (re)constructing the specific form of trabalho escravo in Para’s agriculture.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This book on unfree labour/trabalho escravo in the agricultural sector in Pará/Brazil, is based on an extensive interview study. Therein the specific labour relations are considered an outcome of local as well as global structures. Apart from the coercion inside the labour relation itself, local hierarchies, Brazil’s long history of slavery and other forms of unfree labour, the role of the state, racism and gender relations, as well as the incorporation of the Amazon basin and Brazil into the global economy all take part in (re)constructing the specific form of trabalho escravo in Para’s agriculture.
12.
Lambrecht, Thijs
Harvest Work and Labor Market Regulation in Old Regime Northern France Journal Article
In: pp. 113-131, 2018.
@article{nokey,
title = {Harvest Work and Labor Market Regulation in Old Regime Northern France},
author = {Thijs Lambrecht},
editor = {Thomas Max Safley },
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
booktitle = {Labor Before the Industrial Revolution: Work, Technology and Their Ecologies in an Age of Early Capitalism},
pages = {113-131},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
13.
Lambrecht, Thijs; Winter, Anne
An Old Poor Law on the Continent? Agrarian Capitalism, Poor Taxes, and Village Conflict in Eighteenth-Century Coastal Flanders Journal Article
In: Economic History Review, vol. 71, iss. 4, pp. 1173-1198, 2018.
@article{nokey,
title = {An Old Poor Law on the Continent? Agrarian Capitalism, Poor Taxes, and Village Conflict in Eighteenth-Century Coastal Flanders},
author = {Thijs Lambrecht and Anne Winter},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Economic History Review},
volume = {71},
issue = {4},
pages = {1173-1198},
abstract = {Poor relief provisions in early modern Europe are often considered to have been characterized by a divide between a uniform, compulsory, tax‐based, and relatively secure and generous poor law ‘system’ in England, and the more haphazard, voluntary, relatively parsimonious, insecure, and predominantly urban relief practices on the Continent. In this article we challenge these assumptions by arguing that the spread of agrarian capitalism in coastal Flanders fostered a reorganization of poor relief that displayed many features considered unique to the English old poor law, including the levying of poor taxes. By exploring the introduction, diffusion, and effects of poor taxes in the rural district of Furnes in the second half of the eighteenth century, we demonstrate that poor taxes were not unique to England, and sharpen our comparative understanding of the causes, implications, and conflicts associated with this particular way of raising revenue for the poor. This supports our more general contention that the influence of the normative framework should not be overstated: more than differences in legislation, similarities in socio‐economic development can explain variations in relief practices in preindustrial Europe.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Poor relief provisions in early modern Europe are often considered to have been characterized by a divide between a uniform, compulsory, tax‐based, and relatively secure and generous poor law ‘system’ in England, and the more haphazard, voluntary, relatively parsimonious, insecure, and predominantly urban relief practices on the Continent. In this article we challenge these assumptions by arguing that the spread of agrarian capitalism in coastal Flanders fostered a reorganization of poor relief that displayed many features considered unique to the English old poor law, including the levying of poor taxes. By exploring the introduction, diffusion, and effects of poor taxes in the rural district of Furnes in the second half of the eighteenth century, we demonstrate that poor taxes were not unique to England, and sharpen our comparative understanding of the causes, implications, and conflicts associated with this particular way of raising revenue for the poor. This supports our more general contention that the influence of the normative framework should not be overstated: more than differences in legislation, similarities in socio‐economic development can explain variations in relief practices in preindustrial Europe.
14.
Viitaniemi, Ella
Hyödyn aikakauden talouspolitiikka, vuokraviljely ja tilattomuuden kasvu [Utilitarian economic policy, tenant farming and growth of landless people] Book Chapter
In: Miettinen, Riikka; Viitaniemi, Ella (Ed.): Reunamailla. Tilattomat Länsi-Suomen maaseudulla 1600–1800 [On the Fringes. The Landless in Rural Western Finland 1600–1800], pp. 380–417, 2018.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Hyödyn aikakauden talouspolitiikka, vuokraviljely ja tilattomuuden kasvu [Utilitarian economic policy, tenant farming and growth of landless people]},
author = {Ella Viitaniemi },
editor = {Riikka Miettinen and Ella Viitaniemi},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
booktitle = { Reunamailla. Tilattomat Länsi-Suomen maaseudulla 1600–1800 [On the Fringes. The Landless in Rural Western Finland 1600–1800]},
pages = {380–417},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
15.
Pizzolato, Nico
Harvests of shame: enduring unfree labour in the twentieth-century United States, 1933–1964 Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 59, iss. 4, pp. 1-19, 2018.
@article{nokey,
title = {Harvests of shame: enduring unfree labour in the twentieth-century United States, 1933–1964},
author = {Nico Pizzolato},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {59},
issue = {4},
pages = {1-19},
abstract = {This article reframes the discussion on vulnerable and exploited agricultural labour in twentieth-century United States using the overarching category of unfree labour. In order to do so, it bridges two usually distinct historiographies by linking the phenomenon of ‘peonage’ during the New Deal, with the one of immigrant contract labour in southern Florida, under the H2 visa. Archival research on the practices at the U.S. Sugar Corporation in southern Florida illustrates this link. The article draws on Federal archives, U.S. Government proceedings, papers of political activists and legal and labour scholarship to argue: firstly, that unfree labour has been an enduring feature of agricultural labour relations at regional level during the twentieth century, through both a transmission and a transformation of practices that had their origin in the control of black emancipated labour; secondly, that the introduction of `guest workers’ under the H2 and Bracero programme meant a modernisation in the practices of unfree labour, pivoting on the lack of citizenship rights, racial discrimination, debt at home and threat of deportation; and, finally, that the failure to recognise forms of legal and economic deprivation and coercion as unfree labour has hurt the ability of the United States to enforce protection of human rights at home.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article reframes the discussion on vulnerable and exploited agricultural labour in twentieth-century United States using the overarching category of unfree labour. In order to do so, it bridges two usually distinct historiographies by linking the phenomenon of ‘peonage’ during the New Deal, with the one of immigrant contract labour in southern Florida, under the H2 visa. Archival research on the practices at the U.S. Sugar Corporation in southern Florida illustrates this link. The article draws on Federal archives, U.S. Government proceedings, papers of political activists and legal and labour scholarship to argue: firstly, that unfree labour has been an enduring feature of agricultural labour relations at regional level during the twentieth century, through both a transmission and a transformation of practices that had their origin in the control of black emancipated labour; secondly, that the introduction of `guest workers’ under the H2 and Bracero programme meant a modernisation in the practices of unfree labour, pivoting on the lack of citizenship rights, racial discrimination, debt at home and threat of deportation; and, finally, that the failure to recognise forms of legal and economic deprivation and coercion as unfree labour has hurt the ability of the United States to enforce protection of human rights at home.
16.
Dobrincu, Dorin; Aioanei, Alexandru-Dumitru; Lisnic, Dumitru; Lăcătușu, Dumitru (Ed.)
Colectivizarea agriculturii din România: inginerie socială, violență politică, reacția țărănimii Collection
2017.
@collection{nokey,
title = {Colectivizarea agriculturii din România: inginerie socială, violență politică, reacția țărănimii},
editor = {Dorin Dobrincu and Alexandru-Dumitru Aioanei and Dumitru Lisnic and Dumitru Lăcătușu},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Documente},
volume = {I},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
17.
Lambrecht, Thijs
The Institution of Service in Rural Flanders in the Sixteenth Century: A Regional Perspective Book Chapter
In: Whittle, Jane (Ed.): Servants in Rural Europe: 1400-1900, pp. 37-55, 2017.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Institution of Service in Rural Flanders in the Sixteenth Century: A Regional Perspective},
author = {Thijs Lambrecht},
editor = {Jane Whittle},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Servants in Rural Europe: 1400-1900},
pages = {37-55},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
18.
Østhus, Hanne
Servants in Rural Norway, ca. 1650-1800 Book Chapter
In: Whittle, Jane (Ed.): Servants in Rural Europe, ca. 1400-1900, pp. 113-130, 2017.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Servants in Rural Norway, ca. 1650-1800},
author = {Hanne Østhus },
editor = {Jane Whittle},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Servants in Rural Europe, ca. 1400-1900},
pages = {113-130},
abstract = {The chapter investigates the servant institution in pre-industrial rural Norway, particularly underscoring the many local and regional differences, also when it comes to the number of male or female servants. These differences, it is argued, demonstrate the flexibility of the servant institution, which adapted to a range of farm sizes, economic differences, and changing times.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
The chapter investigates the servant institution in pre-industrial rural Norway, particularly underscoring the many local and regional differences, also when it comes to the number of male or female servants. These differences, it is argued, demonstrate the flexibility of the servant institution, which adapted to a range of farm sizes, economic differences, and changing times.
19.
Angelova, Milena
“The Model Village”. The modernization Project of the Villages in Bulgaria (1937-1944) Journal Article
In: MARTOR (The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review) , vol. 19, pp. 89-96, 2014.
@article{nokey,
title = {“The Model Village”. The modernization Project of the Villages in Bulgaria (1937-1944)},
author = {Milena Angelova},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {MARTOR (The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review) },
volume = {19},
pages = {89-96},
abstract = {This article presents the interaction between the national and international levels of rural modernisation as they are shaped by the disciplines of agronomy, sociology, rural planning, public health and more. The article examines the role of the agrarian sociology in producing visions of rural transformation in interwar Bulgaria, focusing on the Agricultural Economics Research Institute and the surveys of rural house work. Тhe article also engages with the concept of the “model” itself, asking how and why models of rural living were used to produce or manage social change. The agrarian policies found paths of further development in the professionalisation of both agrarian economy and social intervention into rural life.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article presents the interaction between the national and international levels of rural modernisation as they are shaped by the disciplines of agronomy, sociology, rural planning, public health and more. The article examines the role of the agrarian sociology in producing visions of rural transformation in interwar Bulgaria, focusing on the Agricultural Economics Research Institute and the surveys of rural house work. Тhe article also engages with the concept of the “model” itself, asking how and why models of rural living were used to produce or manage social change. The agrarian policies found paths of further development in the professionalisation of both agrarian economy and social intervention into rural life.
20.
Guzowski, Piotr
The Peasant Land Market in Late Medieval and Early Modern Poland, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries Book Chapter
In: Béaur, Gerard (Ed.): Property Rights, Land Markets and Economic Growth in the European Countryside (13th–20th Centuries), pp. 219–237, 2013.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Peasant Land Market in Late Medieval and Early Modern Poland, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries},
author = {Piotr Guzowski},
editor = {Gerard Béaur et al.},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
urldate = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Property Rights, Land Markets and Economic Growth in the European Countryside (13th–20th Centuries)},
pages = {219–237},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether there was peasant land market in Poland in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period, how well developed it was, and what was its role in the peasant economy. The paper looks for evidence in the oldest Polish village court rolls.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether there was peasant land market in Poland in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period, how well developed it was, and what was its role in the peasant economy. The paper looks for evidence in the oldest Polish village court rolls.
2023
Lambrecht, Thjis; Whittle, Jane (Ed.)
Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe: The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour, c.1350-1850 Collection
2023.
Abstract | Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, labour markets, longue duree, medieval history, service, wage labour, western europe, work contracts, working conditions, working time
@collection{nokey,
title = {Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe: The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour, c.1350-1850},
author = { },
editor = {Thjis Lambrecht and Jane Whittle},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
urldate = {2023-05-01},
abstract = {Many economic historians have assumed that labour in Western Europe was 'free' after the end of serfdom in the fifteenth century. These assumptions are increasingly being questioned and labour laws have been identified as creating significant restrictions on workers' freedom. This collection is the first book to look at labour laws across Western Europe from a longer-term perspective. It is interdisciplinary in nature bringing together studies in social, political, economic and legal history.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, labour markets, longue duree, medieval history, service, wage labour, western europe, work contracts, working conditions, working time},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
Many economic historians have assumed that labour in Western Europe was 'free' after the end of serfdom in the fifteenth century. These assumptions are increasingly being questioned and labour laws have been identified as creating significant restrictions on workers' freedom. This collection is the first book to look at labour laws across Western Europe from a longer-term perspective. It is interdisciplinary in nature bringing together studies in social, political, economic and legal history.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.
Uppenberg, Carolina
Contracted Coercion: Land, Labour and Gender in the Swedish Crofter Institution Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 48, iss. 5, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, europe, gender, household, scandinavia, service, sweden
@article{nokey,
title = {Contracted Coercion: Land, Labour and Gender in the Swedish Crofter Institution},
author = {Carolina Uppenberg},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-30},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of History},
volume = {48},
issue = {5},
abstract = {In the early modern rural setting, labour was organized with varying degrees of coercion depending on landowning, social standing, and gender. This article analyses the crofter institution, characterized by corvée labour (obligatory work as payment), from the perspective of gender and coercion. The purpose is to answer the question of how the crofter institution was created, shaped, enabled and questioned. The right to establish a croft made the position as head of household available for men but it also increased social stratification. While crofters were masters of their households in contract signing, their position was ambiguous when it came to the organization of labour. Regarding physical integrity, crofters could be forced by physical violence and were subject to rules not connected to work, such as subservience. I argue that this was made acceptable through marriage and allowing the position as head of household to landless men. Crofters held an intermediate position, caught between the market logic of leasehold of land and the coercive logic of labour extraction, and this continued to colour the crofter institution until its final dissolution in 1943.},
keywords = {19th century, 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, europe, gender, household, scandinavia, service, sweden},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the early modern rural setting, labour was organized with varying degrees of coercion depending on landowning, social standing, and gender. This article analyses the crofter institution, characterized by corvée labour (obligatory work as payment), from the perspective of gender and coercion. The purpose is to answer the question of how the crofter institution was created, shaped, enabled and questioned. The right to establish a croft made the position as head of household available for men but it also increased social stratification. While crofters were masters of their households in contract signing, their position was ambiguous when it came to the organization of labour. Regarding physical integrity, crofters could be forced by physical violence and were subject to rules not connected to work, such as subservience. I argue that this was made acceptable through marriage and allowing the position as head of household to landless men. Crofters held an intermediate position, caught between the market logic of leasehold of land and the coercive logic of labour extraction, and this continued to colour the crofter institution until its final dissolution in 1943.
Vilhelmsson, Vilhelm
Contested Households: Lodgers, Labour, and the Law in Rural Iceland in the Early 19th Century Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 48, iss. 5, pp. 572-592, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, agrarian labour and rural history, europe, household, iceland, labour law, scandinavia, service
@article{nokey,
title = {Contested Households: Lodgers, Labour, and the Law in Rural Iceland in the Early 19th Century},
author = {Vilhelm Vilhelmsson},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-05},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of History},
volume = {48},
issue = {5},
pages = {572-592},
abstract = {The historiography of labour in pre-industrial Iceland has commonly portrayed it first and foremost as life-cycle service in rural households and has suggested that, in a European context, the Icelandic system of compulsory service – or vistarband – was exceptionally harsh due to its broad scope and inflexibility. This approach has been built primarily on demographics and a normative analysis of legal sources. Less attention has been paid to the everyday practices of workers and their employers (or the state) as they manoeuvred within and around the labour legislation to establish working relationships to make ends meet. Similarly, ambiguities within the legislation and discrepancies between law and practice have rarely been explored, nor has people’s understanding of the principal concepts of the labour laws, concepts such as ‘household’, ‘farm’ and ‘servant’, been scrutinized. This article invokes such questions and provides a microhistorical analysis of two court cases which illustrate the nuances and ambiguities of putting such a broad-reaching set of regulations into practice in a pre-industrial rural setting.},
keywords = {19th century, agrarian labour and rural history, europe, household, iceland, labour law, scandinavia, service},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The historiography of labour in pre-industrial Iceland has commonly portrayed it first and foremost as life-cycle service in rural households and has suggested that, in a European context, the Icelandic system of compulsory service – or vistarband – was exceptionally harsh due to its broad scope and inflexibility. This approach has been built primarily on demographics and a normative analysis of legal sources. Less attention has been paid to the everyday practices of workers and their employers (or the state) as they manoeuvred within and around the labour legislation to establish working relationships to make ends meet. Similarly, ambiguities within the legislation and discrepancies between law and practice have rarely been explored, nor has people’s understanding of the principal concepts of the labour laws, concepts such as ‘household’, ‘farm’ and ‘servant’, been scrutinized. This article invokes such questions and provides a microhistorical analysis of two court cases which illustrate the nuances and ambiguities of putting such a broad-reaching set of regulations into practice in a pre-industrial rural setting.
2022
Grubački, Isidora
Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia Book Chapter
In: Betti, Eloisa; Papastefanaki, Leda; Tolomelli, Marica; Zimmermann, Susan (Ed.): Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century, 2022.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, feminism, gender, labour movements, socialism, yugoslavia
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Women Activists’ Relation to Peasant Women’s Work in the 1930s Yugoslavia},
author = {Isidora Grubački},
editor = {Eloisa Betti and Leda Papastefanaki and Marica Tolomelli and Susan Zimmermann},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
urldate = {2022-09-01},
booktitle = {Women, Work and Agency. Chapters of an Inclusive History of Labor in the Long Twentieth Century},
abstract = {The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.},
keywords = {20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, feminism, gender, labour movements, socialism, yugoslavia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The chapter explores the relationship between women's activism and peasant women in interwar Yugoslavia, arguing that peasant women's work was the main focus of feminist activists who proposed different changes in peasant women's lives. By exploring the asymmetrical relationship between educated activist women and mostly uneducated peasant women, the chapter further addresses the question of the character of feminist activism in a predominantly agrarian country in Southeastern Europe.
2020
Hackett, Sarah
Britain’s Rural Muslims: Rethinking Integration. Book
2020.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, contemporary, migration and mobility, muslims, oral history, qualitative research, united kingdom
@book{nokey,
title = {Britain’s Rural Muslims: Rethinking Integration.},
author = {Sarah Hackett},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
abstract = {This study draws upon archival documentation and oral history interviews, and explores the integration of Muslim migrant communities in an English rural county across the post-1960s period. It focuses on a range of topics, including local government policy and migrants’ experiences in the labour and housing markets, education, and religious practice and recognition.
},
keywords = {20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, contemporary, migration and mobility, muslims, oral history, qualitative research, united kingdom},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This study draws upon archival documentation and oral history interviews, and explores the integration of Muslim migrant communities in an English rural county across the post-1960s period. It focuses on a range of topics, including local government policy and migrants’ experiences in the labour and housing markets, education, and religious practice and recognition.
2019
Angelova, Milena
Тhe Transfer of Modern Agricultural Knowledge among the Bulgarians in the Danube Province (1860s–1870s) Book Chapter
In: Iakovos D. Michailidis, Antoniou Giorgos (Ed.): Institution Building and Research under Foreign Domination Europe and the Black Sea Region (early 19th–early 20th centuries), pp. 93-106, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, agrarian labour and rural history, bulgaria, central and eastern europe
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Тhe Transfer of Modern Agricultural Knowledge among the Bulgarians in the Danube Province (1860s–1870s)},
author = {Milena Angelova},
editor = {Iakovos D. Michailidis, Antoniou Giorgos},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Institution Building and Research under Foreign Domination Europe and the Black Sea Region (early 19th–early 20th centuries)},
pages = {93-106},
abstract = {This article discusses some problems related to the introduction of “agricultural enlightenment” among Bulgarians in the second half of the 19th century. This paper is structured in several accents. It firstly demonstrates the relationship between “the enlightened peasant” and the agricultural education in Western Europe during the 18th-19th centuries. This research mainly focuses on the first generation of Bulgarians who received agricultural education abroad. These graduates, the first generation of Bulgarian agronomists who graduated from European schools and universities, were regarded as “agents” for the transfer of agricultural knowledge, which acquainted Bulgarians with the “modern” West.
},
keywords = {19th century, agrarian labour and rural history, bulgaria, central and eastern europe},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article discusses some problems related to the introduction of “agricultural enlightenment” among Bulgarians in the second half of the 19th century. This paper is structured in several accents. It firstly demonstrates the relationship between “the enlightened peasant” and the agricultural education in Western Europe during the 18th-19th centuries. This research mainly focuses on the first generation of Bulgarians who received agricultural education abroad. These graduates, the first generation of Bulgarian agronomists who graduated from European schools and universities, were regarded as “agents” for the transfer of agricultural knowledge, which acquainted Bulgarians with the “modern” West.
Brgles, Branimir
Ljudi, prostor i mijene. Susedgradsko i donjostubičko vlastelinstvo 1450.–1700. Prilog istraživanju ranonovovjekovnih ruralnih društava [People, space and time. Susedgrad and Donja Stubica manorial estate 1450-1700. Contribution to the research of early modern rural societies]. Book
2019.
Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, medieval history
@book{nokey,
title = {Ljudi, prostor i mijene. Susedgradsko i donjostubičko vlastelinstvo 1450.–1700. Prilog istraživanju ranonovovjekovnih ruralnih društava [People, space and time. Susedgrad and Donja Stubica manorial estate 1450-1700. Contribution to the research of early modern rural societies].},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, medieval history},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Suodenjoki, Sami
Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914 Book Chapter
In: Regan, Joe; Smith, Cathal (Ed.): Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914, pp. 170-184, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, finland, labour movements, socialism, working class
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Turning the landless into socialists: Agrarian reforms and resistance as drivers of political mobilisation in Finland, 1880-1914},
author = {Sami Suodenjoki},
editor = {Joe Regan and Cathal Smith},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Agrarian Reform and Resistance in an Age of Globalisation: The Euro-American World and Beyond, 1780-1914},
pages = {170-184},
abstract = {This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
},
keywords = {19th century, 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, finland, labour movements, socialism, working class},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article addresses how the rise of the socialist movement in the Finnish countryside was linked with the agrarian relations and the changes in agriculture and landownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
2018
Brgles, Branimir
Tko se buni pod Susedgradom i Stubicom? Prilog proučavanju društvenih nemira 1565.–1573. [Who is rebelling at Susedgrad and Stubica? Contribution to the research of the 1565–1573 peasant revolts] Journal Article
In: Povijesni priloz, vol. 55, pp. 139-204, 2018.
Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, croatia, early modern history, revolt and revolution
@article{nokey,
title = {Tko se buni pod Susedgradom i Stubicom? Prilog proučavanju društvenih nemira 1565.–1573. [Who is rebelling at Susedgrad and Stubica? Contribution to the research of the 1565–1573 peasant revolts]},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Povijesni priloz},
volume = {55},
pages = {139-204},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, croatia, early modern history, revolt and revolution},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brgles, Branimir
Second Serfdom in Croatia and Slavonia 1500-1700 Workshop
EAST. The Eastern European Economic History Initiative. The Origins and Legacies of the Little Divergence in Central and Eastern Europe. Weast Worskhop., Vienna, 2018.
Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, croatia, early modern history, serfdom
@workshop{nokey,
title = {Second Serfdom in Croatia and Slavonia 1500-1700},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
booktitle = {EAST. The Eastern European Economic History Initiative. The Origins and Legacies of the Little Divergence in Central and Eastern Europe. Weast Worskhop.},
address = {Vienna},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, croatia, early modern history, serfdom},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
Harnoncourt, Julia
Unfreie Arbeit: Trabalho escravo in der brasilianischen Landwirtschaft [Unfree labour. Trabalho escravo in the agricultural sector in Brazil] Book
2018.
Abstract | Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, brazil, forced labour, latin america, qualitative research, slavery
@book{nokey,
title = {Unfreie Arbeit: Trabalho escravo in der brasilianischen Landwirtschaft [Unfree labour. Trabalho escravo in the agricultural sector in Brazil]},
author = {Julia Harnoncourt},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
abstract = {This book on unfree labour/trabalho escravo in the agricultural sector in Pará/Brazil, is based on an extensive interview study. Therein the specific labour relations are considered an outcome of local as well as global structures. Apart from the coercion inside the labour relation itself, local hierarchies, Brazil’s long history of slavery and other forms of unfree labour, the role of the state, racism and gender relations, as well as the incorporation of the Amazon basin and Brazil into the global economy all take part in (re)constructing the specific form of trabalho escravo in Para’s agriculture.
},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, brazil, forced labour, latin america, qualitative research, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This book on unfree labour/trabalho escravo in the agricultural sector in Pará/Brazil, is based on an extensive interview study. Therein the specific labour relations are considered an outcome of local as well as global structures. Apart from the coercion inside the labour relation itself, local hierarchies, Brazil’s long history of slavery and other forms of unfree labour, the role of the state, racism and gender relations, as well as the incorporation of the Amazon basin and Brazil into the global economy all take part in (re)constructing the specific form of trabalho escravo in Para’s agriculture.
Lambrecht, Thijs
Harvest Work and Labor Market Regulation in Old Regime Northern France Journal Article
In: pp. 113-131, 2018.
Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, france, labour markets
@article{nokey,
title = {Harvest Work and Labor Market Regulation in Old Regime Northern France},
author = {Thijs Lambrecht},
editor = {Thomas Max Safley },
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
booktitle = {Labor Before the Industrial Revolution: Work, Technology and Their Ecologies in an Age of Early Capitalism},
pages = {113-131},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, france, labour markets},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lambrecht, Thijs; Winter, Anne
An Old Poor Law on the Continent? Agrarian Capitalism, Poor Taxes, and Village Conflict in Eighteenth-Century Coastal Flanders Journal Article
In: Economic History Review, vol. 71, iss. 4, pp. 1173-1198, 2018.
Abstract | Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, economic and social policy, flanders
@article{nokey,
title = {An Old Poor Law on the Continent? Agrarian Capitalism, Poor Taxes, and Village Conflict in Eighteenth-Century Coastal Flanders},
author = {Thijs Lambrecht and Anne Winter},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Economic History Review},
volume = {71},
issue = {4},
pages = {1173-1198},
abstract = {Poor relief provisions in early modern Europe are often considered to have been characterized by a divide between a uniform, compulsory, tax‐based, and relatively secure and generous poor law ‘system’ in England, and the more haphazard, voluntary, relatively parsimonious, insecure, and predominantly urban relief practices on the Continent. In this article we challenge these assumptions by arguing that the spread of agrarian capitalism in coastal Flanders fostered a reorganization of poor relief that displayed many features considered unique to the English old poor law, including the levying of poor taxes. By exploring the introduction, diffusion, and effects of poor taxes in the rural district of Furnes in the second half of the eighteenth century, we demonstrate that poor taxes were not unique to England, and sharpen our comparative understanding of the causes, implications, and conflicts associated with this particular way of raising revenue for the poor. This supports our more general contention that the influence of the normative framework should not be overstated: more than differences in legislation, similarities in socio‐economic development can explain variations in relief practices in preindustrial Europe.
},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, economic and social policy, flanders},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Poor relief provisions in early modern Europe are often considered to have been characterized by a divide between a uniform, compulsory, tax‐based, and relatively secure and generous poor law ‘system’ in England, and the more haphazard, voluntary, relatively parsimonious, insecure, and predominantly urban relief practices on the Continent. In this article we challenge these assumptions by arguing that the spread of agrarian capitalism in coastal Flanders fostered a reorganization of poor relief that displayed many features considered unique to the English old poor law, including the levying of poor taxes. By exploring the introduction, diffusion, and effects of poor taxes in the rural district of Furnes in the second half of the eighteenth century, we demonstrate that poor taxes were not unique to England, and sharpen our comparative understanding of the causes, implications, and conflicts associated with this particular way of raising revenue for the poor. This supports our more general contention that the influence of the normative framework should not be overstated: more than differences in legislation, similarities in socio‐economic development can explain variations in relief practices in preindustrial Europe.
Viitaniemi, Ella
Hyödyn aikakauden talouspolitiikka, vuokraviljely ja tilattomuuden kasvu [Utilitarian economic policy, tenant farming and growth of landless people] Book Chapter
In: Miettinen, Riikka; Viitaniemi, Ella (Ed.): Reunamailla. Tilattomat Länsi-Suomen maaseudulla 1600–1800 [On the Fringes. The Landless in Rural Western Finland 1600–1800], pp. 380–417, 2018.
Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, economic and social policy, economic development, finland
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Hyödyn aikakauden talouspolitiikka, vuokraviljely ja tilattomuuden kasvu [Utilitarian economic policy, tenant farming and growth of landless people]},
author = {Ella Viitaniemi },
editor = {Riikka Miettinen and Ella Viitaniemi},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
booktitle = { Reunamailla. Tilattomat Länsi-Suomen maaseudulla 1600–1800 [On the Fringes. The Landless in Rural Western Finland 1600–1800]},
pages = {380–417},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, economic and social policy, economic development, finland},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Pizzolato, Nico
Harvests of shame: enduring unfree labour in the twentieth-century United States, 1933–1964 Journal Article
In: Labor History, vol. 59, iss. 4, pp. 1-19, 2018.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, migration and mobility, race, united states
@article{nokey,
title = {Harvests of shame: enduring unfree labour in the twentieth-century United States, 1933–1964},
author = {Nico Pizzolato},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Labor History},
volume = {59},
issue = {4},
pages = {1-19},
abstract = {This article reframes the discussion on vulnerable and exploited agricultural labour in twentieth-century United States using the overarching category of unfree labour. In order to do so, it bridges two usually distinct historiographies by linking the phenomenon of ‘peonage’ during the New Deal, with the one of immigrant contract labour in southern Florida, under the H2 visa. Archival research on the practices at the U.S. Sugar Corporation in southern Florida illustrates this link. The article draws on Federal archives, U.S. Government proceedings, papers of political activists and legal and labour scholarship to argue: firstly, that unfree labour has been an enduring feature of agricultural labour relations at regional level during the twentieth century, through both a transmission and a transformation of practices that had their origin in the control of black emancipated labour; secondly, that the introduction of `guest workers’ under the H2 and Bracero programme meant a modernisation in the practices of unfree labour, pivoting on the lack of citizenship rights, racial discrimination, debt at home and threat of deportation; and, finally, that the failure to recognise forms of legal and economic deprivation and coercion as unfree labour has hurt the ability of the United States to enforce protection of human rights at home.
},
keywords = {20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, migration and mobility, race, united states},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article reframes the discussion on vulnerable and exploited agricultural labour in twentieth-century United States using the overarching category of unfree labour. In order to do so, it bridges two usually distinct historiographies by linking the phenomenon of ‘peonage’ during the New Deal, with the one of immigrant contract labour in southern Florida, under the H2 visa. Archival research on the practices at the U.S. Sugar Corporation in southern Florida illustrates this link. The article draws on Federal archives, U.S. Government proceedings, papers of political activists and legal and labour scholarship to argue: firstly, that unfree labour has been an enduring feature of agricultural labour relations at regional level during the twentieth century, through both a transmission and a transformation of practices that had their origin in the control of black emancipated labour; secondly, that the introduction of `guest workers’ under the H2 and Bracero programme meant a modernisation in the practices of unfree labour, pivoting on the lack of citizenship rights, racial discrimination, debt at home and threat of deportation; and, finally, that the failure to recognise forms of legal and economic deprivation and coercion as unfree labour has hurt the ability of the United States to enforce protection of human rights at home.
2017
Dobrincu, Dorin; Aioanei, Alexandru-Dumitru; Lisnic, Dumitru; Lăcătușu, Dumitru (Ed.)
Colectivizarea agriculturii din România: inginerie socială, violență politică, reacția țărănimii Collection
2017.
Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, romania
@collection{nokey,
title = {Colectivizarea agriculturii din România: inginerie socială, violență politică, reacția țărănimii},
editor = {Dorin Dobrincu and Alexandru-Dumitru Aioanei and Dumitru Lisnic and Dumitru Lăcătușu},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Documente},
volume = {I},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, romania},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
Lambrecht, Thijs
The Institution of Service in Rural Flanders in the Sixteenth Century: A Regional Perspective Book Chapter
In: Whittle, Jane (Ed.): Servants in Rural Europe: 1400-1900, pp. 37-55, 2017.
Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, flanders, service
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Institution of Service in Rural Flanders in the Sixteenth Century: A Regional Perspective},
author = {Thijs Lambrecht},
editor = {Jane Whittle},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Servants in Rural Europe: 1400-1900},
pages = {37-55},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, flanders, service},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Østhus, Hanne
Servants in Rural Norway, ca. 1650-1800 Book Chapter
In: Whittle, Jane (Ed.): Servants in Rural Europe, ca. 1400-1900, pp. 113-130, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, norway, service
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Servants in Rural Norway, ca. 1650-1800},
author = {Hanne Østhus },
editor = {Jane Whittle},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Servants in Rural Europe, ca. 1400-1900},
pages = {113-130},
abstract = {The chapter investigates the servant institution in pre-industrial rural Norway, particularly underscoring the many local and regional differences, also when it comes to the number of male or female servants. These differences, it is argued, demonstrate the flexibility of the servant institution, which adapted to a range of farm sizes, economic differences, and changing times.
},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, norway, service},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The chapter investigates the servant institution in pre-industrial rural Norway, particularly underscoring the many local and regional differences, also when it comes to the number of male or female servants. These differences, it is argued, demonstrate the flexibility of the servant institution, which adapted to a range of farm sizes, economic differences, and changing times.
2014
Angelova, Milena
“The Model Village”. The modernization Project of the Villages in Bulgaria (1937-1944) Journal Article
In: MARTOR (The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review) , vol. 19, pp. 89-96, 2014.
Abstract | Tags: 20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, bulgaria, central and eastern europe, sociology
@article{nokey,
title = {“The Model Village”. The modernization Project of the Villages in Bulgaria (1937-1944)},
author = {Milena Angelova},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {MARTOR (The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review) },
volume = {19},
pages = {89-96},
abstract = {This article presents the interaction between the national and international levels of rural modernisation as they are shaped by the disciplines of agronomy, sociology, rural planning, public health and more. The article examines the role of the agrarian sociology in producing visions of rural transformation in interwar Bulgaria, focusing on the Agricultural Economics Research Institute and the surveys of rural house work. Тhe article also engages with the concept of the “model” itself, asking how and why models of rural living were used to produce or manage social change. The agrarian policies found paths of further development in the professionalisation of both agrarian economy and social intervention into rural life.
},
keywords = {20th century, agrarian labour and rural history, bulgaria, central and eastern europe, sociology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article presents the interaction between the national and international levels of rural modernisation as they are shaped by the disciplines of agronomy, sociology, rural planning, public health and more. The article examines the role of the agrarian sociology in producing visions of rural transformation in interwar Bulgaria, focusing on the Agricultural Economics Research Institute and the surveys of rural house work. Тhe article also engages with the concept of the “model” itself, asking how and why models of rural living were used to produce or manage social change. The agrarian policies found paths of further development in the professionalisation of both agrarian economy and social intervention into rural life.
2013
Guzowski, Piotr
The Peasant Land Market in Late Medieval and Early Modern Poland, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries Book Chapter
In: Béaur, Gerard (Ed.): Property Rights, Land Markets and Economic Growth in the European Countryside (13th–20th Centuries), pp. 219–237, 2013.
Abstract | Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, medieval history, poland, property relations
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Peasant Land Market in Late Medieval and Early Modern Poland, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries},
author = {Piotr Guzowski},
editor = {Gerard Béaur et al.},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
urldate = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Property Rights, Land Markets and Economic Growth in the European Countryside (13th–20th Centuries)},
pages = {219–237},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether there was peasant land market in Poland in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period, how well developed it was, and what was its role in the peasant economy. The paper looks for evidence in the oldest Polish village court rolls.
},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, medieval history, poland, property relations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether there was peasant land market in Poland in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period, how well developed it was, and what was its role in the peasant economy. The paper looks for evidence in the oldest Polish village court rolls.
2011
Guzowski, Piotr
The influence of exports on grain production on Polish royal demesne farms in the second half of the sixteenth century Journal Article
In: Agricultural History Review, vol. 59, pp. 312-327, 2011.
Abstract | Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, economic development, poland
@article{nokey,
title = {The influence of exports on grain production on Polish royal demesne farms in the second half of the sixteenth century},
author = {Piotr Guzowski },
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
urldate = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Agricultural History Review},
volume = {59},
pages = {312-327},
abstract = {The paper explores a survey of royal lands produced in 1564 and 1565. This contains data from over 500 royal demesnes situated throughout the Kingdom of Poland, and provides detailed information about types of cereals grown, their yields and prices, animal husbandry, the system of land division, weights and measures, and the system of agricultural management.
},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, economic development, poland},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper explores a survey of royal lands produced in 1564 and 1565. This contains data from over 500 royal demesnes situated throughout the Kingdom of Poland, and provides detailed information about types of cereals grown, their yields and prices, animal husbandry, the system of land division, weights and measures, and the system of agricultural management.