1.
Arnaud, Colin
Subdued Wage Workers: Textile Production in Western and Islamic sources (Ninth to Twelfth centuries) Book Chapter
In: Batista, Anamarija; Müller, Viola; Peres, Corinna (Ed.): Coercion and Wage Labour. Exploring Work Relations through History and Art, 2024.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Subdued Wage Workers: Textile Production in Western and Islamic sources (Ninth to Twelfth centuries)},
author = {Colin Arnaud},
editor = {Anamarija Batista and Viola Müller and Corinna Peres},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {Coercion and Wage Labour. Exploring Work Relations through History and Art},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2.
Geelhaar, Tim; Kuchenbuch, Ludolf; Perreaux, Nicolas; Schiel, Juliane; Schürch, Isabelle
Historical Semantics – A Vade Mecum Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 18-47, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Historical Semantics – A Vade Mecum },
author = {Tim Geelhaar and Ludolf Kuchenbuch and Nicolas Perreaux and Juliane Schiel and Isabelle Schürch },
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit
},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {18-47},
abstract = {This paper presents the historical semantics approach as a method for social history. While usually understood either as a form of conceptual and intellectual history of ideas or as a subdiscipline of philology and digital humanities, the authors of this article use historical semantics to address the way historians read their sources. The approach is presented as a necessary extension of historical methodology: Historians need to distrust their own common sense, depart from presupposed analytical categories and concepts, and base their interpretative work on the emic vocabulary of the societies under examination and on the document(s) forming the material legacy of the past. By linking words to historical and potential situations of language use, the historical semantics approach reveals the social taxonomies and inherent power relations between the dominant and the dominated. The paper outlines the guiding principles and methodological implications of this approach before presenting four concise vignettes illustrating the analytical potential and methodological diversity of the approach based on concrete case studies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents the historical semantics approach as a method for social history. While usually understood either as a form of conceptual and intellectual history of ideas or as a subdiscipline of philology and digital humanities, the authors of this article use historical semantics to address the way historians read their sources. The approach is presented as a necessary extension of historical methodology: Historians need to distrust their own common sense, depart from presupposed analytical categories and concepts, and base their interpretative work on the emic vocabulary of the societies under examination and on the document(s) forming the material legacy of the past. By linking words to historical and potential situations of language use, the historical semantics approach reveals the social taxonomies and inherent power relations between the dominant and the dominated. The paper outlines the guiding principles and methodological implications of this approach before presenting four concise vignettes illustrating the analytical potential and methodological diversity of the approach based on concrete case studies.
3.
Kuchenbuch, Ludolf; Schiel, Juliane
Über die Mikrosemantik von Einzeldokumenten. Ludolf Kuchenbuch im Gespräch mit Juliane Schiel Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 48-61, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Über die Mikrosemantik von Einzeldokumenten. Ludolf Kuchenbuch im Gespräch mit Juliane Schiel },
author = {Ludolf Kuchenbuch and Juliane Schiel},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {48-61},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
4.
Arnaurd, Colin
Trapped Maidens and Mocked Weavers. Semantics of Ambiguity Between Remunerated and Coerced Labour in Twelfth-Century Textile Production Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 80-105, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = { Trapped Maidens and Mocked Weavers. Semantics of Ambiguity Between Remunerated and Coerced Labour in Twelfth-Century Textile Production},
author = {Colin Arnaurd},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit
},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {80-105},
abstract = {In Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion, a French Arthurian romance written by Chrétien de Troyes around 1180, the protagonist finds three hundred captive maidens forced to work on silk fabrics in a cursed castle and complaining about their insufficient remuneration. According to the Gesta Abbatum Trudoniensum, a twelfth-century chronicle of the Abbey of Sint-Truiden (Limburg, Flanders), hired weavers were forced by domanial officers – most probably their employers – to pull a false ship from Kornelimünster near Aachen to Sint-Truiden in 1133. In this article, the two mentioned texts are examined using semantic methods to understand the logics behind the combination of coercion and remuneration in textile labour. The action phrases are analysed, as are the lexical fields of poverty and freedom. The weavers in the Gesta Abbatum Trudoniensum seemed to have the status of hired servants (mercennarius), which implied temporary servitude for the duration of a contract. In Yvain, the insufficient wage of the weaving maidens is presented as chicanery employed to force them to work more. In both texts, poverty is conceptualised in a social, economic, legal, and political sense at once.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion, a French Arthurian romance written by Chrétien de Troyes around 1180, the protagonist finds three hundred captive maidens forced to work on silk fabrics in a cursed castle and complaining about their insufficient remuneration. According to the Gesta Abbatum Trudoniensum, a twelfth-century chronicle of the Abbey of Sint-Truiden (Limburg, Flanders), hired weavers were forced by domanial officers – most probably their employers – to pull a false ship from Kornelimünster near Aachen to Sint-Truiden in 1133. In this article, the two mentioned texts are examined using semantic methods to understand the logics behind the combination of coercion and remuneration in textile labour. The action phrases are analysed, as are the lexical fields of poverty and freedom. The weavers in the Gesta Abbatum Trudoniensum seemed to have the status of hired servants (mercennarius), which implied temporary servitude for the duration of a contract. In Yvain, the insufficient wage of the weaving maidens is presented as chicanery employed to force them to work more. In both texts, poverty is conceptualised in a social, economic, legal, and political sense at once.
5.
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Grammars of Dependence. A Historical Semantics Approach to Population Charters Granted by Military Orders to Muslims in Medieval Iberia Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 106-125, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = { Grammars of Dependence. A Historical Semantics Approach to Population Charters Granted by Military Orders to Muslims in Medieval Iberia },
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {106-125},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to analyse written records associated with the establishment of bonds between military orders as territorial lords and Muslims as settlers in the Christian kingdoms of medieval Iberia. These records are usually known as cartas de población or population charters and were issued in the context of the settlement of populations in a given area. Methods derived from historical semantics are applied to these texts, and the analysis explores the ways in which the existing asymmetrical power relationships were reflected not only in the contents of the charters but also in the grammar and expressions used to formulate them.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this paper is to analyse written records associated with the establishment of bonds between military orders as territorial lords and Muslims as settlers in the Christian kingdoms of medieval Iberia. These records are usually known as cartas de población or population charters and were issued in the context of the settlement of populations in a given area. Methods derived from historical semantics are applied to these texts, and the analysis explores the ways in which the existing asymmetrical power relationships were reflected not only in the contents of the charters but also in the grammar and expressions used to formulate them.
6.
Peres, Corinna
Female Work Arrangements in the Datini Letters: Exploring the Semantic Roles and Negotiating Scopes of Servants, Slaves, and Wet Nurses Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 126-149, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Female Work Arrangements in the Datini Letters: Exploring the Semantic Roles and Negotiating Scopes of Servants, Slaves, and Wet Nurses },
author = {Corinna Peres},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {126-149},
abstract = {In the letters preserved in the Datini archive, women could take the epistolary stage when it came to their (pre-)entry into a labour relation with the Datinis or their social network. The negotiating scope of women during these entries is the analytical focus of this paper; to negotiate and/or to be negotiated is the central question. Based on 53 letters from the years 1393–1398, four different search and recruitment processes for three different types of female workers – servants, slaves, and wet nurses – are comparatively examined by way of a historical semantic reading. Taking the verb-oriented method as a starting point, this study proposes two methodological extensions: an attribute-oriented method and an adaption of the semantic roles approach from linguistics. The paper argues that this historical semantic trio of methods can help to understand group-related and individual degrees of (non-)control over actions in the arrangement of labour relations in late medieval Tuscany by bringing positions of power to the epistolary surface.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the letters preserved in the Datini archive, women could take the epistolary stage when it came to their (pre-)entry into a labour relation with the Datinis or their social network. The negotiating scope of women during these entries is the analytical focus of this paper; to negotiate and/or to be negotiated is the central question. Based on 53 letters from the years 1393–1398, four different search and recruitment processes for three different types of female workers – servants, slaves, and wet nurses – are comparatively examined by way of a historical semantic reading. Taking the verb-oriented method as a starting point, this study proposes two methodological extensions: an attribute-oriented method and an adaption of the semantic roles approach from linguistics. The paper argues that this historical semantic trio of methods can help to understand group-related and individual degrees of (non-)control over actions in the arrangement of labour relations in late medieval Tuscany by bringing positions of power to the epistolary surface.
7.
Pargas, Damian Alan; Schiel, Juliane (Ed.)
The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History Book
2023.
@book{nokey,
title = { The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History },
editor = {Damian Alan Pargas and Juliane Schiel},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-15},
abstract = {This open access handbook takes a comparative and global approach to analyse the practice of slavery throughout history. To understand slavery – why it developed, and how it functioned in various societies – is to understand an important and widespread practice in world civilisations. With research traditionally being dominated by the Atlantic world, this collection aims to illuminate slavery that existed in not only the Americas but also ancient, medieval, North and sub-Saharan African, Near Eastern, and Asian societies. Connecting civilisations through migration, warfare, trade routes and economic expansion, the practice of slavery integrated countries and regions through power-based relationships, whilst simultaneously dividing societies by class, race, ethnicity and cultural group. Uncovering slavery as a globalising phenomenon, the authors highlight the slave-trading routes that crisscrossed Africa, helped integrate the Mediterranean world, connected Indian Ocean societies and fused the Atlantic world. Split into five parts, the handbook portrays the evolution of slavery from antiquity to the contemporary era and encourages readers to realise similarities and differences between various manifestations of slavery throughout history. Providing a truly global coverage of slavery, and including thematic injections within each chronological part, this handbook is a comprehensive and transnational resource for all researchers interested in slavery, the history of labour, and anthropology.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This open access handbook takes a comparative and global approach to analyse the practice of slavery throughout history. To understand slavery – why it developed, and how it functioned in various societies – is to understand an important and widespread practice in world civilisations. With research traditionally being dominated by the Atlantic world, this collection aims to illuminate slavery that existed in not only the Americas but also ancient, medieval, North and sub-Saharan African, Near Eastern, and Asian societies. Connecting civilisations through migration, warfare, trade routes and economic expansion, the practice of slavery integrated countries and regions through power-based relationships, whilst simultaneously dividing societies by class, race, ethnicity and cultural group. Uncovering slavery as a globalising phenomenon, the authors highlight the slave-trading routes that crisscrossed Africa, helped integrate the Mediterranean world, connected Indian Ocean societies and fused the Atlantic world. Split into five parts, the handbook portrays the evolution of slavery from antiquity to the contemporary era and encourages readers to realise similarities and differences between various manifestations of slavery throughout history. Providing a truly global coverage of slavery, and including thematic injections within each chronological part, this handbook is a comprehensive and transnational resource for all researchers interested in slavery, the history of labour, and anthropology.
8.
Lambrecht, Thjis; Whittle, Jane (Ed.)
Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe: The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour, c.1350-1850 Collection
2023.
@collection{nokey,
title = {Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe: The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour, c.1350-1850},
author = { },
editor = {Thjis Lambrecht and Jane Whittle},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
urldate = {2023-05-01},
abstract = {Many economic historians have assumed that labour in Western Europe was 'free' after the end of serfdom in the fifteenth century. These assumptions are increasingly being questioned and labour laws have been identified as creating significant restrictions on workers' freedom. This collection is the first book to look at labour laws across Western Europe from a longer-term perspective. It is interdisciplinary in nature bringing together studies in social, political, economic and legal history.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
Many economic historians have assumed that labour in Western Europe was 'free' after the end of serfdom in the fifteenth century. These assumptions are increasingly being questioned and labour laws have been identified as creating significant restrictions on workers' freedom. This collection is the first book to look at labour laws across Western Europe from a longer-term perspective. It is interdisciplinary in nature bringing together studies in social, political, economic and legal history.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.
9.
Perreaux, Nicolas
Les lieux de stockage dans les textes diplomatiques (VIIe-XIIIe siècles): Enquête lexicale, sémantique et numérique Book Chapter
In: Schneider, Laurent; Lauwers, Michel (Ed.): Mises en réserve: Production, accumulation et redistribution des céréales dans l‘Occident médiéval et moderne., 2022.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Les lieux de stockage dans les textes diplomatiques (VIIe-XIIIe siècles): Enquête lexicale, sémantique et numérique},
author = {Nicolas Perreaux},
editor = {Laurent Schneider and Michel Lauwers},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {Mises en réserve: Production, accumulation et redistribution des céréales dans l‘Occident médiéval et moderne.},
abstract = {This article studies the evolution of references to grain storage places in the diplomatic texts of medieval Europe. In contrast to archaeology, it shows that these do not appear in the texts until the 11th century, and develop strongly in the 12th-13th centuries. This evolution is therefore not only due to an increase in production and increased pressure on producers, but to a new look at the relations of production, a seigneurialisation of the medieval system, which goes hand in hand with a stronger spatial anchorage.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article studies the evolution of references to grain storage places in the diplomatic texts of medieval Europe. In contrast to archaeology, it shows that these do not appear in the texts until the 11th century, and develop strongly in the 12th-13th centuries. This evolution is therefore not only due to an increase in production and increased pressure on producers, but to a new look at the relations of production, a seigneurialisation of the medieval system, which goes hand in hand with a stronger spatial anchorage.
10.
Perreaux, Nicolas
Des «seigneuries» laïques aux territoires ecclésiaux? Dynamique du processus de spatialisation dans les actes diplomatiques numérisés (VIIe-XIIIe siècles) Book Chapter
In: Martine, Tristan; Schneider, Jens (Ed.): Espaces ecclésiastiques et seigneuries laïques: Définitions, modèles et conflits en zones d’interface (IXe-XIIIe siècle), 2021.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Des «seigneuries» laïques aux territoires ecclésiaux? Dynamique du processus de spatialisation dans les actes diplomatiques numérisés (VIIe-XIIIe siècles)},
author = {Nicolas Perreaux},
editor = {Tristan Martine and Jens Schneider},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {Espaces ecclésiastiques et seigneuries laïques: Définitions, modèles et conflits en zones d’interface (IXe-XIIIe siècle)},
abstract = {This article examines the construction of the system of spatial organisation of medieval Europe as a whole. By analysing the evolution of the main spatial entities of this area (villa, pagus, comitatus, parochia, etc.) it draws up a general outline. This then allows various reflections on the specific dynamics of medieval Europe and its links with the Church.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article examines the construction of the system of spatial organisation of medieval Europe as a whole. By analysing the evolution of the main spatial entities of this area (villa, pagus, comitatus, parochia, etc.) it draws up a general outline. This then allows various reflections on the specific dynamics of medieval Europe and its links with the Church.
11.
Perreaux, Nicolas
Œuvrer, servir, souffrir. A propos de quelques termes médiolatins Book Chapter
In: Lauwers, Michel (Ed.): Labeur et production au sein des monastères de l‘Occident médiéval, 2021.
@inbook{nokey,
title = { Œuvrer, servir, souffrir. A propos de quelques termes médiolatins},
author = {Nicolas Perreaux},
editor = {Michel Lauwers},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {Labeur et production au sein des monastères de l‘Occident médiéval},
abstract = {The purpose of this article is threefold: a) to show that work could not structurally exist in the Middle Ages, unless it is considered that all organized human activity constitutes work; b) to attempt to grasp the articulation of the main mediolatin terms usually translated as (or considered to belong to) “work”, by showing both the bridges between these terms and the numerous aporias that their listing generates; c) to shift the question, by insisting on the imperative of reconstructing the relations of production in medieval Europe – relations which had complex and partly indirect links with the above-mentioned Mediolatine terms.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The purpose of this article is threefold: a) to show that work could not structurally exist in the Middle Ages, unless it is considered that all organized human activity constitutes work; b) to attempt to grasp the articulation of the main mediolatin terms usually translated as (or considered to belong to) “work”, by showing both the bridges between these terms and the numerous aporias that their listing generates; c) to shift the question, by insisting on the imperative of reconstructing the relations of production in medieval Europe – relations which had complex and partly indirect links with the above-mentioned Mediolatine terms.
12.
Østhus, Hanne; Toplak, Matthias S. (Ed.)
Viking Age Slavery Collection
2021.
@collection{nokey,
title = {Viking Age Slavery},
editor = {Hanne Østhus and Matthias S. Toplak},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
abstract = {The existence of slaves in Viking Age society and the slave trade of the Vikings has been a matter of long debates. While the actual fact has now been established beyond any doubt, many questions remain. The possibilities of an archaeological approach to slavery and slave trade, the extent of slaves in Scandinavia and their importance for the economy as well as the scope of the slave trade and the implications for Viking Age society still need to be discussed. These aspects are the topic of ten recent papers united in this volume.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
The existence of slaves in Viking Age society and the slave trade of the Vikings has been a matter of long debates. While the actual fact has now been established beyond any doubt, many questions remain. The possibilities of an archaeological approach to slavery and slave trade, the extent of slaves in Scandinavia and their importance for the economy as well as the scope of the slave trade and the implications for Viking Age society still need to be discussed. These aspects are the topic of ten recent papers united in this volume.
13.
Barker, Hannah
The Risk of Birth. Life Insurance for Enslaved Pregnant Women in Fifteenth-Century Genoa Journal Article
In: Journal of Global Slavery, vol. 6, iss. 2, pp. 187–217, 2021.
@article{nokey,
title = {The Risk of Birth. Life Insurance for Enslaved Pregnant Women in Fifteenth-Century Genoa},
author = {Hannah Barker},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Global Slavery},
volume = {6},
issue = {2},
pages = {187–217},
abstract = {Why did fifteenth-century Genoese slaveholders insure the lives of enslaved pregnant women? I argue that their assessment of the risks associated with childbirth reflected their views on the connection between slavery, property, and lineage. Genoese slaveholders saw the reproductive labor of enslaved women as a potential contribution to their lineage as well as their property. Because their children by enslaved women might become their heirs, Genoese slaveholders were inclined to worry about and seek protection against the risk of maternal mortality. In the context of the commercial revolution and the rise of third-party insurance, they developed life insurance for enslaved pregnant women to complement the fines already required of those who illegally impregnated enslaved women and thereby endangered their lives.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Why did fifteenth-century Genoese slaveholders insure the lives of enslaved pregnant women? I argue that their assessment of the risks associated with childbirth reflected their views on the connection between slavery, property, and lineage. Genoese slaveholders saw the reproductive labor of enslaved women as a potential contribution to their lineage as well as their property. Because their children by enslaved women might become their heirs, Genoese slaveholders were inclined to worry about and seek protection against the risk of maternal mortality. In the context of the commercial revolution and the rise of third-party insurance, they developed life insurance for enslaved pregnant women to complement the fines already required of those who illegally impregnated enslaved women and thereby endangered their lives.
14.
Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes; Reinfandt, Lucian; Stouraitis, Yannis (Ed.)
Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone. Aspects of mobility between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E Collection
2020.
@collection{nokey,
title = {Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone. Aspects of mobility between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E},
editor = {Johannes Preiser-Kapeller and Lucian Reinfandt and Yannis Stouraitis},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
abstract = {This volume includes a general overview and case studies of mobility and migration across different spatial scale in the area from Eastern Europe to East Africa and from Central Asia to the Mediterranean, including phenomena of (voluntary and involuntary) labour mobility and slavery.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
This volume includes a general overview and case studies of mobility and migration across different spatial scale in the area from Eastern Europe to East Africa and from Central Asia to the Mediterranean, including phenomena of (voluntary and involuntary) labour mobility and slavery.
15.
Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes
Migration Book Chapter
In: Hermans, Erik (Ed.): A Companion to the Global Early Middle Ages, pp. 477-510, 2020.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Migration},
author = {Johannes Preiser-Kapeller},
editor = {Erik Hermans},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {A Companion to the Global Early Middle Ages},
pages = {477-510},
abstract = {This chapter provides an overview how migration connected different region of early medieval Afro-Eurasia between 600 and 900 CE, with a special focus on occupation mobility, trade diasporas and the migration of labour forces.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This chapter provides an overview how migration connected different region of early medieval Afro-Eurasia between 600 and 900 CE, with a special focus on occupation mobility, trade diasporas and the migration of labour forces.
16.
Schiel, Juliane
The Ragusan “Maids-of-all-Work”. Shifting Labor Relations in the Late Medieval Adriatic Sea Region Journal Article
In: Journal of Global Slavery, vol. 5, iss. 2, 2020.
@article{nokey,
title = {The Ragusan “Maids-of-all-Work”. Shifting Labor Relations in the Late Medieval Adriatic Sea Region},
author = {Juliane Schiel},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Global Slavery},
volume = {5},
issue = {2},
abstract = {This article discusses bonded labor relations and their changes through the example of Slavic migrant workers in late medieval Ragusa (Dubrovnik). Over roughly 150 years, Ragusa changed from a site of localized, endemic labor exploitation to a commodified labor market with transregional implications. Based on a close examination of notary deeds and legislative acts, the article presents an empirically grounded approach to category formation and a careful reconstruction of the Ragusan grammar of coericon. While labels and classification systems for unskilled Slavic migrants changed over time, they remained the “maids-of-all-work”—a nonspecialist labor force that could be taken into service for a variety of tasks wherever they were needed.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article discusses bonded labor relations and their changes through the example of Slavic migrant workers in late medieval Ragusa (Dubrovnik). Over roughly 150 years, Ragusa changed from a site of localized, endemic labor exploitation to a commodified labor market with transregional implications. Based on a close examination of notary deeds and legislative acts, the article presents an empirically grounded approach to category formation and a careful reconstruction of the Ragusan grammar of coericon. While labels and classification systems for unskilled Slavic migrants changed over time, they remained the “maids-of-all-work”—a nonspecialist labor force that could be taken into service for a variety of tasks wherever they were needed.
17.
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
“Our Moors”: Military Orders and Unfree Muslims in the Kingdom of Castile Book Chapter
In: Morton, Nicholas (Ed.): The Military Orders, Vol. VII: Piety, Pugnacity and Property, pp. 139-148, 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {“Our Moors”: Military Orders and Unfree Muslims in the Kingdom of Castile},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
editor = {Nicholas Morton},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-01},
urldate = {2019-09-01},
booktitle = {The Military Orders, Vol. VII: Piety, Pugnacity and Property},
pages = {139-148},
abstract = {Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile had taken over as administrators of the Order in 1487 and had also instituted the forced baptism of Muslims, thereby creating the problem. The military orders present in the Kingdom of Castile during the Middle Ages have been chosen as a case study. This chapter discusses a bigger project that aims to study the relationship between military orders and Muslims living in their Iberian lands during the Middle Ages. A significant number of the Muslims mentioned in association with military orders were slaves. Although undoubtedly many Muslim captives of the orders ended up as slaves and were appreciated for the potential role, they also held value in themselves as leverage for the liberation of Christians who had suffered the same fate. The interpretation of the partial exemption, and also the status of Muslims living under the rule of the Order, becomes even more muddled because of another contradictory account.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile had taken over as administrators of the Order in 1487 and had also instituted the forced baptism of Muslims, thereby creating the problem. The military orders present in the Kingdom of Castile during the Middle Ages have been chosen as a case study. This chapter discusses a bigger project that aims to study the relationship between military orders and Muslims living in their Iberian lands during the Middle Ages. A significant number of the Muslims mentioned in association with military orders were slaves. Although undoubtedly many Muslim captives of the orders ended up as slaves and were appreciated for the potential role, they also held value in themselves as leverage for the liberation of Christians who had suffered the same fate. The interpretation of the partial exemption, and also the status of Muslims living under the rule of the Order, becomes even more muddled because of another contradictory account.
18.
Brgles, Branimir
Ljudi, prostor i mijene. Susedgradsko i donjostubičko vlastelinstvo 1450.–1700. Prilog istraživanju ranonovovjekovnih ruralnih društava [People, space and time. Susedgrad and Donja Stubica manorial estate 1450-1700. Contribution to the research of early modern rural societies]. Book
2019.
@book{nokey,
title = {Ljudi, prostor i mijene. Susedgradsko i donjostubičko vlastelinstvo 1450.–1700. Prilog istraživanju ranonovovjekovnih ruralnih društava [People, space and time. Susedgrad and Donja Stubica manorial estate 1450-1700. Contribution to the research of early modern rural societies].},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
19.
Mitsiou, Ekaterini; Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes
Mercantile and Religious Mobility between Byzantines, Latins and Muslims, 1200-1500: On the Theory and Practice of Social Networks Journal Article
In: Medieval Worlds, vol. 9, pp. 187-217, 2019.
@article{nokey,
title = {Mercantile and Religious Mobility between Byzantines, Latins and Muslims, 1200-1500: On the Theory and Practice of Social Networks},
author = {Ekaterini Mitsiou and Johannes Preiser-Kapeller},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Medieval Worlds},
volume = {9},
pages = {187-217},
abstract = {This paper combines documentary evidence with concepts and tools of historical network science and social theory in order to explore phenomena of (especially) mercantile mobility and religious conversion in Late Byzantium (13th to 15th centuries), a period which is characterized by the intensification of commercial exchange and the multiplication of contact zones due to the growth of the activity of Italian merchant communities as well as due to the Mongol expansion across entire Asia.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper combines documentary evidence with concepts and tools of historical network science and social theory in order to explore phenomena of (especially) mercantile mobility and religious conversion in Late Byzantium (13th to 15th centuries), a period which is characterized by the intensification of commercial exchange and the multiplication of contact zones due to the growth of the activity of Italian merchant communities as well as due to the Mongol expansion across entire Asia.
20.
Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes
From one edge of the (post)Sasanian world to the other. Mobility and migration between the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Persian Gulf in the 4th to 9th centuries CE Book Chapter
In: Asutay-Effenberger, Neslihan; Daim, Falko (Ed.): Sasanian Elements in Byzantine, Caucasian and Islamic Art and Culture, pp. 9-17., 2019.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {From one edge of the (post)Sasanian world to the other. Mobility and migration between the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Persian Gulf in the 4th to 9th centuries CE},
author = {Johannes Preiser-Kapeller},
editor = {Neslihan Asutay-Effenberger and Falko Daim},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Sasanian Elements in Byzantine, Caucasian and Islamic Art and Culture, pp. 9-17.},
abstract = {The chapter also discusses cases of non-elite mobility of artisans and other professionals within the Sasanian and Early Islamic Empire, especially towards and from the South Caucasus region.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The chapter also discusses cases of non-elite mobility of artisans and other professionals within the Sasanian and Early Islamic Empire, especially towards and from the South Caucasus region.
2024
Arnaud, Colin
Subdued Wage Workers: Textile Production in Western and Islamic sources (Ninth to Twelfth centuries) Book Chapter
In: Batista, Anamarija; Müller, Viola; Peres, Corinna (Ed.): Coercion and Wage Labour. Exploring Work Relations through History and Art, 2024.
Tags: europe, islamic world, medieval history, textile industry, wage labour
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Subdued Wage Workers: Textile Production in Western and Islamic sources (Ninth to Twelfth centuries)},
author = {Colin Arnaud},
editor = {Anamarija Batista and Viola Müller and Corinna Peres},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {Coercion and Wage Labour. Exploring Work Relations through History and Art},
keywords = {europe, islamic world, medieval history, textile industry, wage labour},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2023
Geelhaar, Tim; Kuchenbuch, Ludolf; Perreaux, Nicolas; Schiel, Juliane; Schürch, Isabelle
Historical Semantics – A Vade Mecum Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 18-47, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: early modern history, historical semantics, medieval history, methodology
@article{nokey,
title = {Historical Semantics – A Vade Mecum },
author = {Tim Geelhaar and Ludolf Kuchenbuch and Nicolas Perreaux and Juliane Schiel and Isabelle Schürch },
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit
},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {18-47},
abstract = {This paper presents the historical semantics approach as a method for social history. While usually understood either as a form of conceptual and intellectual history of ideas or as a subdiscipline of philology and digital humanities, the authors of this article use historical semantics to address the way historians read their sources. The approach is presented as a necessary extension of historical methodology: Historians need to distrust their own common sense, depart from presupposed analytical categories and concepts, and base their interpretative work on the emic vocabulary of the societies under examination and on the document(s) forming the material legacy of the past. By linking words to historical and potential situations of language use, the historical semantics approach reveals the social taxonomies and inherent power relations between the dominant and the dominated. The paper outlines the guiding principles and methodological implications of this approach before presenting four concise vignettes illustrating the analytical potential and methodological diversity of the approach based on concrete case studies.},
keywords = {early modern history, historical semantics, medieval history, methodology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents the historical semantics approach as a method for social history. While usually understood either as a form of conceptual and intellectual history of ideas or as a subdiscipline of philology and digital humanities, the authors of this article use historical semantics to address the way historians read their sources. The approach is presented as a necessary extension of historical methodology: Historians need to distrust their own common sense, depart from presupposed analytical categories and concepts, and base their interpretative work on the emic vocabulary of the societies under examination and on the document(s) forming the material legacy of the past. By linking words to historical and potential situations of language use, the historical semantics approach reveals the social taxonomies and inherent power relations between the dominant and the dominated. The paper outlines the guiding principles and methodological implications of this approach before presenting four concise vignettes illustrating the analytical potential and methodological diversity of the approach based on concrete case studies.
Kuchenbuch, Ludolf; Schiel, Juliane
Über die Mikrosemantik von Einzeldokumenten. Ludolf Kuchenbuch im Gespräch mit Juliane Schiel Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 48-61, 2023.
Tags: historical semantics, medieval history, methodology
@article{nokey,
title = {Über die Mikrosemantik von Einzeldokumenten. Ludolf Kuchenbuch im Gespräch mit Juliane Schiel },
author = {Ludolf Kuchenbuch and Juliane Schiel},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {48-61},
keywords = {historical semantics, medieval history, methodology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Arnaurd, Colin
Trapped Maidens and Mocked Weavers. Semantics of Ambiguity Between Remunerated and Coerced Labour in Twelfth-Century Textile Production Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 80-105, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: historical semantics, medieval history, textile industry, western europe
@article{nokey,
title = { Trapped Maidens and Mocked Weavers. Semantics of Ambiguity Between Remunerated and Coerced Labour in Twelfth-Century Textile Production},
author = {Colin Arnaurd},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit
},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {80-105},
abstract = {In Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion, a French Arthurian romance written by Chrétien de Troyes around 1180, the protagonist finds three hundred captive maidens forced to work on silk fabrics in a cursed castle and complaining about their insufficient remuneration. According to the Gesta Abbatum Trudoniensum, a twelfth-century chronicle of the Abbey of Sint-Truiden (Limburg, Flanders), hired weavers were forced by domanial officers – most probably their employers – to pull a false ship from Kornelimünster near Aachen to Sint-Truiden in 1133. In this article, the two mentioned texts are examined using semantic methods to understand the logics behind the combination of coercion and remuneration in textile labour. The action phrases are analysed, as are the lexical fields of poverty and freedom. The weavers in the Gesta Abbatum Trudoniensum seemed to have the status of hired servants (mercennarius), which implied temporary servitude for the duration of a contract. In Yvain, the insufficient wage of the weaving maidens is presented as chicanery employed to force them to work more. In both texts, poverty is conceptualised in a social, economic, legal, and political sense at once.},
keywords = {historical semantics, medieval history, textile industry, western europe},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion, a French Arthurian romance written by Chrétien de Troyes around 1180, the protagonist finds three hundred captive maidens forced to work on silk fabrics in a cursed castle and complaining about their insufficient remuneration. According to the Gesta Abbatum Trudoniensum, a twelfth-century chronicle of the Abbey of Sint-Truiden (Limburg, Flanders), hired weavers were forced by domanial officers – most probably their employers – to pull a false ship from Kornelimünster near Aachen to Sint-Truiden in 1133. In this article, the two mentioned texts are examined using semantic methods to understand the logics behind the combination of coercion and remuneration in textile labour. The action phrases are analysed, as are the lexical fields of poverty and freedom. The weavers in the Gesta Abbatum Trudoniensum seemed to have the status of hired servants (mercennarius), which implied temporary servitude for the duration of a contract. In Yvain, the insufficient wage of the weaving maidens is presented as chicanery employed to force them to work more. In both texts, poverty is conceptualised in a social, economic, legal, and political sense at once.
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Grammars of Dependence. A Historical Semantics Approach to Population Charters Granted by Military Orders to Muslims in Medieval Iberia Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 106-125, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: historical semantics, iberia, medieval history, military, muslims, spain
@article{nokey,
title = { Grammars of Dependence. A Historical Semantics Approach to Population Charters Granted by Military Orders to Muslims in Medieval Iberia },
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {106-125},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to analyse written records associated with the establishment of bonds between military orders as territorial lords and Muslims as settlers in the Christian kingdoms of medieval Iberia. These records are usually known as cartas de población or population charters and were issued in the context of the settlement of populations in a given area. Methods derived from historical semantics are applied to these texts, and the analysis explores the ways in which the existing asymmetrical power relationships were reflected not only in the contents of the charters but also in the grammar and expressions used to formulate them.},
keywords = {historical semantics, iberia, medieval history, military, muslims, spain},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this paper is to analyse written records associated with the establishment of bonds between military orders as territorial lords and Muslims as settlers in the Christian kingdoms of medieval Iberia. These records are usually known as cartas de población or population charters and were issued in the context of the settlement of populations in a given area. Methods derived from historical semantics are applied to these texts, and the analysis explores the ways in which the existing asymmetrical power relationships were reflected not only in the contents of the charters but also in the grammar and expressions used to formulate them.
Peres, Corinna
Female Work Arrangements in the Datini Letters: Exploring the Semantic Roles and Negotiating Scopes of Servants, Slaves, and Wet Nurses Journal Article
In: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, vol. 34, iss. 2, pp. 126-149, 2023.
Abstract | Tags: europe, gender, historical semantics, italy, medieval history, service, slavery
@article{nokey,
title = {Female Work Arrangements in the Datini Letters: Exploring the Semantic Roles and Negotiating Scopes of Servants, Slaves, and Wet Nurses },
author = {Corinna Peres},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-01},
issuetitle = {Work Semantics / Semantiken der Arbeit},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Historical Studies},
volume = {34},
issue = {2},
pages = {126-149},
abstract = {In the letters preserved in the Datini archive, women could take the epistolary stage when it came to their (pre-)entry into a labour relation with the Datinis or their social network. The negotiating scope of women during these entries is the analytical focus of this paper; to negotiate and/or to be negotiated is the central question. Based on 53 letters from the years 1393–1398, four different search and recruitment processes for three different types of female workers – servants, slaves, and wet nurses – are comparatively examined by way of a historical semantic reading. Taking the verb-oriented method as a starting point, this study proposes two methodological extensions: an attribute-oriented method and an adaption of the semantic roles approach from linguistics. The paper argues that this historical semantic trio of methods can help to understand group-related and individual degrees of (non-)control over actions in the arrangement of labour relations in late medieval Tuscany by bringing positions of power to the epistolary surface.},
keywords = {europe, gender, historical semantics, italy, medieval history, service, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the letters preserved in the Datini archive, women could take the epistolary stage when it came to their (pre-)entry into a labour relation with the Datinis or their social network. The negotiating scope of women during these entries is the analytical focus of this paper; to negotiate and/or to be negotiated is the central question. Based on 53 letters from the years 1393–1398, four different search and recruitment processes for three different types of female workers – servants, slaves, and wet nurses – are comparatively examined by way of a historical semantic reading. Taking the verb-oriented method as a starting point, this study proposes two methodological extensions: an attribute-oriented method and an adaption of the semantic roles approach from linguistics. The paper argues that this historical semantic trio of methods can help to understand group-related and individual degrees of (non-)control over actions in the arrangement of labour relations in late medieval Tuscany by bringing positions of power to the epistolary surface.
Pargas, Damian Alan; Schiel, Juliane (Ed.)
The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History Book
2023.
Abstract | Tags: 19th century, 20th century, abolition, ancient history, contemporary, early modern history, global labour history, longue duree, medieval history, slavery
@book{nokey,
title = { The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History },
editor = {Damian Alan Pargas and Juliane Schiel},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-15},
abstract = {This open access handbook takes a comparative and global approach to analyse the practice of slavery throughout history. To understand slavery – why it developed, and how it functioned in various societies – is to understand an important and widespread practice in world civilisations. With research traditionally being dominated by the Atlantic world, this collection aims to illuminate slavery that existed in not only the Americas but also ancient, medieval, North and sub-Saharan African, Near Eastern, and Asian societies. Connecting civilisations through migration, warfare, trade routes and economic expansion, the practice of slavery integrated countries and regions through power-based relationships, whilst simultaneously dividing societies by class, race, ethnicity and cultural group. Uncovering slavery as a globalising phenomenon, the authors highlight the slave-trading routes that crisscrossed Africa, helped integrate the Mediterranean world, connected Indian Ocean societies and fused the Atlantic world. Split into five parts, the handbook portrays the evolution of slavery from antiquity to the contemporary era and encourages readers to realise similarities and differences between various manifestations of slavery throughout history. Providing a truly global coverage of slavery, and including thematic injections within each chronological part, this handbook is a comprehensive and transnational resource for all researchers interested in slavery, the history of labour, and anthropology.},
keywords = {19th century, 20th century, abolition, ancient history, contemporary, early modern history, global labour history, longue duree, medieval history, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This open access handbook takes a comparative and global approach to analyse the practice of slavery throughout history. To understand slavery – why it developed, and how it functioned in various societies – is to understand an important and widespread practice in world civilisations. With research traditionally being dominated by the Atlantic world, this collection aims to illuminate slavery that existed in not only the Americas but also ancient, medieval, North and sub-Saharan African, Near Eastern, and Asian societies. Connecting civilisations through migration, warfare, trade routes and economic expansion, the practice of slavery integrated countries and regions through power-based relationships, whilst simultaneously dividing societies by class, race, ethnicity and cultural group. Uncovering slavery as a globalising phenomenon, the authors highlight the slave-trading routes that crisscrossed Africa, helped integrate the Mediterranean world, connected Indian Ocean societies and fused the Atlantic world. Split into five parts, the handbook portrays the evolution of slavery from antiquity to the contemporary era and encourages readers to realise similarities and differences between various manifestations of slavery throughout history. Providing a truly global coverage of slavery, and including thematic injections within each chronological part, this handbook is a comprehensive and transnational resource for all researchers interested in slavery, the history of labour, and anthropology.
Lambrecht, Thjis; Whittle, Jane (Ed.)
Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe: The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour, c.1350-1850 Collection
2023.
Abstract | Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, labour markets, longue duree, medieval history, service, wage labour, western europe, work contracts, working conditions, working time
@collection{nokey,
title = {Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe: The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour, c.1350-1850},
author = { },
editor = {Thjis Lambrecht and Jane Whittle},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
urldate = {2023-05-01},
abstract = {Many economic historians have assumed that labour in Western Europe was 'free' after the end of serfdom in the fifteenth century. These assumptions are increasingly being questioned and labour laws have been identified as creating significant restrictions on workers' freedom. This collection is the first book to look at labour laws across Western Europe from a longer-term perspective. It is interdisciplinary in nature bringing together studies in social, political, economic and legal history.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, early modern history, labour markets, longue duree, medieval history, service, wage labour, western europe, work contracts, working conditions, working time},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
Many economic historians have assumed that labour in Western Europe was 'free' after the end of serfdom in the fifteenth century. These assumptions are increasingly being questioned and labour laws have been identified as creating significant restrictions on workers' freedom. This collection is the first book to look at labour laws across Western Europe from a longer-term perspective. It is interdisciplinary in nature bringing together studies in social, political, economic and legal history.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.
Elements of labour legislation appeared before the Black Death, but were strengthened afterwards particularly in places and periods where labour became scarce. The collection focuses on the rural economy in the late medieval and early modern period. It provides a series of studies which introduce a range of approaches to labour regulation and the very idea of labour across Europe. Uniquely, the collection offers observations on the impact of labour laws on everyday social relations. Attempts to regulate work and labour varied widely: in places they amounted to wishful thinking on the part of the regional authorities, whereas elsewhere they could impose severe limitations on individual freedoms.
2022
Perreaux, Nicolas
Les lieux de stockage dans les textes diplomatiques (VIIe-XIIIe siècles): Enquête lexicale, sémantique et numérique Book Chapter
In: Schneider, Laurent; Lauwers, Michel (Ed.): Mises en réserve: Production, accumulation et redistribution des céréales dans l‘Occident médiéval et moderne., 2022.
Abstract | Tags: economic development, europe, medieval history, spatial history
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Les lieux de stockage dans les textes diplomatiques (VIIe-XIIIe siècles): Enquête lexicale, sémantique et numérique},
author = {Nicolas Perreaux},
editor = {Laurent Schneider and Michel Lauwers},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {Mises en réserve: Production, accumulation et redistribution des céréales dans l‘Occident médiéval et moderne.},
abstract = {This article studies the evolution of references to grain storage places in the diplomatic texts of medieval Europe. In contrast to archaeology, it shows that these do not appear in the texts until the 11th century, and develop strongly in the 12th-13th centuries. This evolution is therefore not only due to an increase in production and increased pressure on producers, but to a new look at the relations of production, a seigneurialisation of the medieval system, which goes hand in hand with a stronger spatial anchorage.
},
keywords = {economic development, europe, medieval history, spatial history},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article studies the evolution of references to grain storage places in the diplomatic texts of medieval Europe. In contrast to archaeology, it shows that these do not appear in the texts until the 11th century, and develop strongly in the 12th-13th centuries. This evolution is therefore not only due to an increase in production and increased pressure on producers, but to a new look at the relations of production, a seigneurialisation of the medieval system, which goes hand in hand with a stronger spatial anchorage.
2021
Perreaux, Nicolas
Des «seigneuries» laïques aux territoires ecclésiaux? Dynamique du processus de spatialisation dans les actes diplomatiques numérisés (VIIe-XIIIe siècles) Book Chapter
In: Martine, Tristan; Schneider, Jens (Ed.): Espaces ecclésiastiques et seigneuries laïques: Définitions, modèles et conflits en zones d’interface (IXe-XIIIe siècle), 2021.
Abstract | Tags: europe, medieval history, spatial history
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Des «seigneuries» laïques aux territoires ecclésiaux? Dynamique du processus de spatialisation dans les actes diplomatiques numérisés (VIIe-XIIIe siècles)},
author = {Nicolas Perreaux},
editor = {Tristan Martine and Jens Schneider},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {Espaces ecclésiastiques et seigneuries laïques: Définitions, modèles et conflits en zones d’interface (IXe-XIIIe siècle)},
abstract = {This article examines the construction of the system of spatial organisation of medieval Europe as a whole. By analysing the evolution of the main spatial entities of this area (villa, pagus, comitatus, parochia, etc.) it draws up a general outline. This then allows various reflections on the specific dynamics of medieval Europe and its links with the Church.
},
keywords = {europe, medieval history, spatial history},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article examines the construction of the system of spatial organisation of medieval Europe as a whole. By analysing the evolution of the main spatial entities of this area (villa, pagus, comitatus, parochia, etc.) it draws up a general outline. This then allows various reflections on the specific dynamics of medieval Europe and its links with the Church.
Perreaux, Nicolas
Œuvrer, servir, souffrir. A propos de quelques termes médiolatins Book Chapter
In: Lauwers, Michel (Ed.): Labeur et production au sein des monastères de l‘Occident médiéval, 2021.
Abstract | Tags: historical semantics, medieval history
@inbook{nokey,
title = { Œuvrer, servir, souffrir. A propos de quelques termes médiolatins},
author = {Nicolas Perreaux},
editor = {Michel Lauwers},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {Labeur et production au sein des monastères de l‘Occident médiéval},
abstract = {The purpose of this article is threefold: a) to show that work could not structurally exist in the Middle Ages, unless it is considered that all organized human activity constitutes work; b) to attempt to grasp the articulation of the main mediolatin terms usually translated as (or considered to belong to) “work”, by showing both the bridges between these terms and the numerous aporias that their listing generates; c) to shift the question, by insisting on the imperative of reconstructing the relations of production in medieval Europe – relations which had complex and partly indirect links with the above-mentioned Mediolatine terms.
},
keywords = {historical semantics, medieval history},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The purpose of this article is threefold: a) to show that work could not structurally exist in the Middle Ages, unless it is considered that all organized human activity constitutes work; b) to attempt to grasp the articulation of the main mediolatin terms usually translated as (or considered to belong to) “work”, by showing both the bridges between these terms and the numerous aporias that their listing generates; c) to shift the question, by insisting on the imperative of reconstructing the relations of production in medieval Europe – relations which had complex and partly indirect links with the above-mentioned Mediolatine terms.
Østhus, Hanne; Toplak, Matthias S. (Ed.)
Viking Age Slavery Collection
2021.
Abstract | Tags: medieval history, scandinavia, slavery
@collection{nokey,
title = {Viking Age Slavery},
editor = {Hanne Østhus and Matthias S. Toplak},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
abstract = {The existence of slaves in Viking Age society and the slave trade of the Vikings has been a matter of long debates. While the actual fact has now been established beyond any doubt, many questions remain. The possibilities of an archaeological approach to slavery and slave trade, the extent of slaves in Scandinavia and their importance for the economy as well as the scope of the slave trade and the implications for Viking Age society still need to be discussed. These aspects are the topic of ten recent papers united in this volume.
},
keywords = {medieval history, scandinavia, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
The existence of slaves in Viking Age society and the slave trade of the Vikings has been a matter of long debates. While the actual fact has now been established beyond any doubt, many questions remain. The possibilities of an archaeological approach to slavery and slave trade, the extent of slaves in Scandinavia and their importance for the economy as well as the scope of the slave trade and the implications for Viking Age society still need to be discussed. These aspects are the topic of ten recent papers united in this volume.
Barker, Hannah
The Risk of Birth. Life Insurance for Enslaved Pregnant Women in Fifteenth-Century Genoa Journal Article
In: Journal of Global Slavery, vol. 6, iss. 2, pp. 187–217, 2021.
Abstract | Tags: gender, italy, medieval history, slavery
@article{nokey,
title = {The Risk of Birth. Life Insurance for Enslaved Pregnant Women in Fifteenth-Century Genoa},
author = {Hannah Barker},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Global Slavery},
volume = {6},
issue = {2},
pages = {187–217},
abstract = {Why did fifteenth-century Genoese slaveholders insure the lives of enslaved pregnant women? I argue that their assessment of the risks associated with childbirth reflected their views on the connection between slavery, property, and lineage. Genoese slaveholders saw the reproductive labor of enslaved women as a potential contribution to their lineage as well as their property. Because their children by enslaved women might become their heirs, Genoese slaveholders were inclined to worry about and seek protection against the risk of maternal mortality. In the context of the commercial revolution and the rise of third-party insurance, they developed life insurance for enslaved pregnant women to complement the fines already required of those who illegally impregnated enslaved women and thereby endangered their lives.
},
keywords = {gender, italy, medieval history, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Why did fifteenth-century Genoese slaveholders insure the lives of enslaved pregnant women? I argue that their assessment of the risks associated with childbirth reflected their views on the connection between slavery, property, and lineage. Genoese slaveholders saw the reproductive labor of enslaved women as a potential contribution to their lineage as well as their property. Because their children by enslaved women might become their heirs, Genoese slaveholders were inclined to worry about and seek protection against the risk of maternal mortality. In the context of the commercial revolution and the rise of third-party insurance, they developed life insurance for enslaved pregnant women to complement the fines already required of those who illegally impregnated enslaved women and thereby endangered their lives.
2020
Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes; Reinfandt, Lucian; Stouraitis, Yannis (Ed.)
Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone. Aspects of mobility between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E Collection
2020.
Abstract | Tags: ancient history, medieval history, migration and mobility, slavery
@collection{nokey,
title = {Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone. Aspects of mobility between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E},
editor = {Johannes Preiser-Kapeller and Lucian Reinfandt and Yannis Stouraitis},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
abstract = {This volume includes a general overview and case studies of mobility and migration across different spatial scale in the area from Eastern Europe to East Africa and from Central Asia to the Mediterranean, including phenomena of (voluntary and involuntary) labour mobility and slavery.
},
keywords = {ancient history, medieval history, migration and mobility, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
This volume includes a general overview and case studies of mobility and migration across different spatial scale in the area from Eastern Europe to East Africa and from Central Asia to the Mediterranean, including phenomena of (voluntary and involuntary) labour mobility and slavery.
Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes
Migration Book Chapter
In: Hermans, Erik (Ed.): A Companion to the Global Early Middle Ages, pp. 477-510, 2020.
Abstract | Tags: medieval history, migration and mobility
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Migration},
author = {Johannes Preiser-Kapeller},
editor = {Erik Hermans},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {A Companion to the Global Early Middle Ages},
pages = {477-510},
abstract = {This chapter provides an overview how migration connected different region of early medieval Afro-Eurasia between 600 and 900 CE, with a special focus on occupation mobility, trade diasporas and the migration of labour forces.
},
keywords = {medieval history, migration and mobility},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This chapter provides an overview how migration connected different region of early medieval Afro-Eurasia between 600 and 900 CE, with a special focus on occupation mobility, trade diasporas and the migration of labour forces.
Schiel, Juliane
The Ragusan “Maids-of-all-Work”. Shifting Labor Relations in the Late Medieval Adriatic Sea Region Journal Article
In: Journal of Global Slavery, vol. 5, iss. 2, 2020.
Abstract | Tags: bonded labour, labour markets, medieval history, mediterranean, service, sla
@article{nokey,
title = {The Ragusan “Maids-of-all-Work”. Shifting Labor Relations in the Late Medieval Adriatic Sea Region},
author = {Juliane Schiel},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Global Slavery},
volume = {5},
issue = {2},
abstract = {This article discusses bonded labor relations and their changes through the example of Slavic migrant workers in late medieval Ragusa (Dubrovnik). Over roughly 150 years, Ragusa changed from a site of localized, endemic labor exploitation to a commodified labor market with transregional implications. Based on a close examination of notary deeds and legislative acts, the article presents an empirically grounded approach to category formation and a careful reconstruction of the Ragusan grammar of coericon. While labels and classification systems for unskilled Slavic migrants changed over time, they remained the “maids-of-all-work”—a nonspecialist labor force that could be taken into service for a variety of tasks wherever they were needed.
},
keywords = {bonded labour, labour markets, medieval history, mediterranean, service, sla},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article discusses bonded labor relations and their changes through the example of Slavic migrant workers in late medieval Ragusa (Dubrovnik). Over roughly 150 years, Ragusa changed from a site of localized, endemic labor exploitation to a commodified labor market with transregional implications. Based on a close examination of notary deeds and legislative acts, the article presents an empirically grounded approach to category formation and a careful reconstruction of the Ragusan grammar of coericon. While labels and classification systems for unskilled Slavic migrants changed over time, they remained the “maids-of-all-work”—a nonspecialist labor force that could be taken into service for a variety of tasks wherever they were needed.
2019
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
“Our Moors”: Military Orders and Unfree Muslims in the Kingdom of Castile Book Chapter
In: Morton, Nicholas (Ed.): The Military Orders, Vol. VII: Piety, Pugnacity and Property, pp. 139-148, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: medieval history, military, muslims, spain
@inbook{nokey,
title = {“Our Moors”: Military Orders and Unfree Muslims in the Kingdom of Castile},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
editor = {Nicholas Morton},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-01},
urldate = {2019-09-01},
booktitle = {The Military Orders, Vol. VII: Piety, Pugnacity and Property},
pages = {139-148},
abstract = {Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile had taken over as administrators of the Order in 1487 and had also instituted the forced baptism of Muslims, thereby creating the problem. The military orders present in the Kingdom of Castile during the Middle Ages have been chosen as a case study. This chapter discusses a bigger project that aims to study the relationship between military orders and Muslims living in their Iberian lands during the Middle Ages. A significant number of the Muslims mentioned in association with military orders were slaves. Although undoubtedly many Muslim captives of the orders ended up as slaves and were appreciated for the potential role, they also held value in themselves as leverage for the liberation of Christians who had suffered the same fate. The interpretation of the partial exemption, and also the status of Muslims living under the rule of the Order, becomes even more muddled because of another contradictory account.
},
keywords = {medieval history, military, muslims, spain},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile had taken over as administrators of the Order in 1487 and had also instituted the forced baptism of Muslims, thereby creating the problem. The military orders present in the Kingdom of Castile during the Middle Ages have been chosen as a case study. This chapter discusses a bigger project that aims to study the relationship between military orders and Muslims living in their Iberian lands during the Middle Ages. A significant number of the Muslims mentioned in association with military orders were slaves. Although undoubtedly many Muslim captives of the orders ended up as slaves and were appreciated for the potential role, they also held value in themselves as leverage for the liberation of Christians who had suffered the same fate. The interpretation of the partial exemption, and also the status of Muslims living under the rule of the Order, becomes even more muddled because of another contradictory account.
Brgles, Branimir
Ljudi, prostor i mijene. Susedgradsko i donjostubičko vlastelinstvo 1450.–1700. Prilog istraživanju ranonovovjekovnih ruralnih društava [People, space and time. Susedgrad and Donja Stubica manorial estate 1450-1700. Contribution to the research of early modern rural societies]. Book
2019.
Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, medieval history
@book{nokey,
title = {Ljudi, prostor i mijene. Susedgradsko i donjostubičko vlastelinstvo 1450.–1700. Prilog istraživanju ranonovovjekovnih ruralnih društava [People, space and time. Susedgrad and Donja Stubica manorial estate 1450-1700. Contribution to the research of early modern rural societies].},
author = {Branimir Brgles},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, medieval history},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Mitsiou, Ekaterini; Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes
Mercantile and Religious Mobility between Byzantines, Latins and Muslims, 1200-1500: On the Theory and Practice of Social Networks Journal Article
In: Medieval Worlds, vol. 9, pp. 187-217, 2019.
Abstract | Tags: byzantium, medieval history, mercantile relations, muslims, network analysis
@article{nokey,
title = {Mercantile and Religious Mobility between Byzantines, Latins and Muslims, 1200-1500: On the Theory and Practice of Social Networks},
author = {Ekaterini Mitsiou and Johannes Preiser-Kapeller},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Medieval Worlds},
volume = {9},
pages = {187-217},
abstract = {This paper combines documentary evidence with concepts and tools of historical network science and social theory in order to explore phenomena of (especially) mercantile mobility and religious conversion in Late Byzantium (13th to 15th centuries), a period which is characterized by the intensification of commercial exchange and the multiplication of contact zones due to the growth of the activity of Italian merchant communities as well as due to the Mongol expansion across entire Asia.
},
keywords = {byzantium, medieval history, mercantile relations, muslims, network analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper combines documentary evidence with concepts and tools of historical network science and social theory in order to explore phenomena of (especially) mercantile mobility and religious conversion in Late Byzantium (13th to 15th centuries), a period which is characterized by the intensification of commercial exchange and the multiplication of contact zones due to the growth of the activity of Italian merchant communities as well as due to the Mongol expansion across entire Asia.
Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes
From one edge of the (post)Sasanian world to the other. Mobility and migration between the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Persian Gulf in the 4th to 9th centuries CE Book Chapter
In: Asutay-Effenberger, Neslihan; Daim, Falko (Ed.): Sasanian Elements in Byzantine, Caucasian and Islamic Art and Culture, pp. 9-17., 2019.
Abstract | Tags: caucasus, islamic world, medieval history, migration and mobility
@inbook{nokey,
title = {From one edge of the (post)Sasanian world to the other. Mobility and migration between the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Persian Gulf in the 4th to 9th centuries CE},
author = {Johannes Preiser-Kapeller},
editor = {Neslihan Asutay-Effenberger and Falko Daim},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Sasanian Elements in Byzantine, Caucasian and Islamic Art and Culture, pp. 9-17.},
abstract = {The chapter also discusses cases of non-elite mobility of artisans and other professionals within the Sasanian and Early Islamic Empire, especially towards and from the South Caucasus region.
},
keywords = {caucasus, islamic world, medieval history, migration and mobility},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The chapter also discusses cases of non-elite mobility of artisans and other professionals within the Sasanian and Early Islamic Empire, especially towards and from the South Caucasus region.
2018
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Más Allá de la Aljama: Comunidades Musulmanas bajo el Dominio de la Orden de Calatrava en Castilla Journal Article
In: En la España Medieval, vol. 41, pp. 9-22, 2018.
Abstract | Tags: medieval history, military, muslims, religion, spain
@article{nokey,
title = {Más Allá de la Aljama: Comunidades Musulmanas bajo el Dominio de la Orden de Calatrava en Castilla},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {En la España Medieval},
volume = {41},
pages = {9-22},
abstract = {This article examines Muslims who lived under the rule of the military Order of Calatrava in Medieval Castile. Recent studies have shown that the presence of Muslims in the lands administered by this military order was more complex and varied than it had been previously suspected, and that it goes beyond slaves and aljamas. As a consequence, new questions must be posed as to how Muslim rural communities in these lands were framed by Christian authorities both to collect the revenue they created and regarding other aspects of everyday life.},
keywords = {medieval history, military, muslims, religion, spain},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article examines Muslims who lived under the rule of the military Order of Calatrava in Medieval Castile. Recent studies have shown that the presence of Muslims in the lands administered by this military order was more complex and varied than it had been previously suspected, and that it goes beyond slaves and aljamas. As a consequence, new questions must be posed as to how Muslim rural communities in these lands were framed by Christian authorities both to collect the revenue they created and regarding other aspects of everyday life.
Tolino, Serena
Eunuchs in the Fatimid Empire: Ambiguities, Gender and Sacredness Book Chapter
In: Höfert, Almut; Matthew M. Mesley, Matthew; Tolino, Serena (Ed.): Celibate and Childless Men in Power: Ruling Eunuchs and Bishops in the Pre-Modern World, pp. 246-266, 2018.
Abstract | Tags: gender, islamic world, medieval history, religion
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Eunuchs in the Fatimid Empire: Ambiguities, Gender and Sacredness},
author = {Serena Tolino},
editor = {Almut Höfert and Matthew M. Mesley, Matthew and Serena Tolino},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
booktitle = {Celibate and Childless Men in Power: Ruling Eunuchs and Bishops in the Pre-Modern World},
pages = { 246-266},
abstract = {Childless Men in Power: Ruling Eunuchs and Bishops in the Pre-Modern World, pp. 246-266. This article explores the interconnection between gender and sacredness in relation to eunuchs in the Fatimid Empire (909-1171), a dynasty that ruled in particular over North Africa, Egypt and Yemen. The article explores different discourses on eunuchs in the Islamicate world (lexicography, law, adab). Following the life of specific eunuchs, the article also argues that gender is a fundamental category of analysis when looking eunuchs in the Fatimid empire and, more generally in Islamicate courts.},
keywords = {gender, islamic world, medieval history, religion},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Childless Men in Power: Ruling Eunuchs and Bishops in the Pre-Modern World, pp. 246-266. This article explores the interconnection between gender and sacredness in relation to eunuchs in the Fatimid Empire (909-1171), a dynasty that ruled in particular over North Africa, Egypt and Yemen. The article explores different discourses on eunuchs in the Islamicate world (lexicography, law, adab). Following the life of specific eunuchs, the article also argues that gender is a fundamental category of analysis when looking eunuchs in the Fatimid empire and, more generally in Islamicate courts.
2017
Achim, Viorel
The Gypsies in the Romanian Lands during the Middle Ages: Slavery Book Chapter
In: Damian Alan Pargas, Felicia Roşu (Ed.): Critical Readings on Global Slavery., vol. 4, pp. 983-1043, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: central and eastern europe, medieval history, roma, romania, slavery
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Gypsies in the Romanian Lands during the Middle Ages: Slavery},
author = {Viorel Achim},
editor = {Damian Alan Pargas, Felicia Roşu},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Critical Readings on Global Slavery.},
volume = {4},
pages = {983-1043},
abstract = {A syntesis on the history of slavery of Gypsies (Roma) in the Romanian countries in the 14th-18th centuries. The chapter reproduces the chapter with the same title in Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History (2004), pp. 27-85.},
keywords = {central and eastern europe, medieval history, roma, romania, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
A syntesis on the history of slavery of Gypsies (Roma) in the Romanian countries in the 14th-18th centuries. The chapter reproduces the chapter with the same title in Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History (2004), pp. 27-85.
Ivanović, Miloš
“Dobri ljudi” u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi [“Boni Homines” in Medieval Serbian State] Book
2017.
Abstract | Tags: central and eastern europe, medieval history, property relations, serbia, social structure
@book{nokey,
title = {“Dobri ljudi” u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi [“Boni Homines” in Medieval Serbian State]},
author = {Miloš Ivanović},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
abstract = {The analysis of sources leads to the conclusion that persons giving statements about disputable land boundaries belonged to different social strata – from dependent peasants to the nobility. Knowing local circumstances was the primary characteristic that they needed to have. If there were priests among elders, they were mentioned in the first place, which means that they enjoyed special reputation as witnesses. The participation of noblemen was, however, important for the implementation of decisions. In a document from 1454, elders called themselves kmets, but this term also had several meanings. It is certain only that they were reputable inhabitants of settlements that they originated from. On the other hand, witnesses in disputes about lands in the territory ruled by the Crnojevićs were consistently designated as noblemen. The reason behind this is the social structure of this area with dominant military bands, whose members were considered the nobility. There was not much arable land there, which is why there was scarce dependent population. The analysis of the social status of “boni homines” in medieval Serbian towns must start from data from the Novo Brdo Legal Code. Its introduction contains the names of 24 expertpersons who compiled it. Two of them may perhaps be identified with persons mentioned in Dubrovnik documents, while others are not mentioned in other sources. However, professions are given next to some persons, indicating that they performed some mining activities. It cannot be excluded that this applied also to some other persons whose professions were not described. As the matter of fact, mining experts enjoyed autonomy also within towns where they worked and gathered at assemblies. However, neither this information enables us to place them into some of known social strata. It is also undisputable that “boni homines” who brought verdicts in disputes on coal pits had to have some expertise. Traders could also have been among them as they were the main investors in mining production.
},
keywords = {central and eastern europe, medieval history, property relations, serbia, social structure},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The analysis of sources leads to the conclusion that persons giving statements about disputable land boundaries belonged to different social strata – from dependent peasants to the nobility. Knowing local circumstances was the primary characteristic that they needed to have. If there were priests among elders, they were mentioned in the first place, which means that they enjoyed special reputation as witnesses. The participation of noblemen was, however, important for the implementation of decisions. In a document from 1454, elders called themselves kmets, but this term also had several meanings. It is certain only that they were reputable inhabitants of settlements that they originated from. On the other hand, witnesses in disputes about lands in the territory ruled by the Crnojevićs were consistently designated as noblemen. The reason behind this is the social structure of this area with dominant military bands, whose members were considered the nobility. There was not much arable land there, which is why there was scarce dependent population. The analysis of the social status of “boni homines” in medieval Serbian towns must start from data from the Novo Brdo Legal Code. Its introduction contains the names of 24 expertpersons who compiled it. Two of them may perhaps be identified with persons mentioned in Dubrovnik documents, while others are not mentioned in other sources. However, professions are given next to some persons, indicating that they performed some mining activities. It cannot be excluded that this applied also to some other persons whose professions were not described. As the matter of fact, mining experts enjoyed autonomy also within towns where they worked and gathered at assemblies. However, neither this information enables us to place them into some of known social strata. It is also undisputable that “boni homines” who brought verdicts in disputes on coal pits had to have some expertise. Traders could also have been among them as they were the main investors in mining production.
Ivanović, Miloš
Razvoj institucije imuniteta u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi do kraja vladavine kralja Milutina [Development of the Institution of Immunity in the Serbian Medieval State Until the End of Reign of King Milutin] Journal Article
In: Istorijski časopis , vol. LXVI, pp. 49-83, 2017.
Abstract | Tags: central and eastern europe, medieval history, serbia
@article{nokey,
title = { Razvoj institucije imuniteta u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi do kraja vladavine kralja Milutina [Development of the Institution of Immunity in the Serbian Medieval State Until the End of Reign of King Milutin]},
author = {Miloš Ivanović },
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Istorijski časopis },
volume = {LXVI},
pages = {49-83},
abstract = {Groundbreaking period in the development of immunity was reign of King Milutin (1282–1321). In his charters he freed monastery’s possessions from “all kinds of labor, small and great”. In that manner, he gave to these properties complete tax exemption. Also, he forbade to his official and noblemen to threaten financial and judicial immunity of monasteries. It seems that the king still kept the right to judge in certain cases such as murder, infidelity, rape of girls and takeover men and horses. At that time the Byzantine holders also received broad immunity rights.
},
keywords = {central and eastern europe, medieval history, serbia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Groundbreaking period in the development of immunity was reign of King Milutin (1282–1321). In his charters he freed monastery’s possessions from “all kinds of labor, small and great”. In that manner, he gave to these properties complete tax exemption. Also, he forbade to his official and noblemen to threaten financial and judicial immunity of monasteries. It seems that the king still kept the right to judge in certain cases such as murder, infidelity, rape of girls and takeover men and horses. At that time the Byzantine holders also received broad immunity rights.
Mitsiou, Ekaterini; Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes
Moving Hands: Types and Scales of Labour Mobility in the Late Medieval Eastern Mediterranean (1200-1500 CE) Book Chapter
In: Gerritsen, Anne; Vito, Christian De (Ed.): Micro-Spatial Histories of Global Labour, pp. 29-67., 2017.
Tags: medieval history, mediterranean, migration and mobility
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Moving Hands: Types and Scales of Labour Mobility in the Late Medieval Eastern Mediterranean (1200-1500 CE)},
author = {Ekaterini Mitsiou and Johannes Preiser-Kapeller },
editor = {Anne Gerritsen and Christian De Vito },
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Micro-Spatial Histories of Global Labour},
pages = {29-67.},
keywords = {medieval history, mediterranean, migration and mobility},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2015
Schiel, Juliane
Slaves’ Religious Choice in Renaissance Venice: Applying Insights from Missionary Narratives to Slave Baptism Records Journal Article
In: Archivio Veneto, iss. 146, pp. 23-45, 2015.
Abstract | Tags: christianity, italy, medieval history, slavery
@article{nokey,
title = {Slaves’ Religious Choice in Renaissance Venice: Applying Insights from Missionary Narratives to Slave Baptism Records},
author = {Juliane Schiel},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = { Archivio Veneto},
issue = {146},
pages = {23-45},
abstract = {This article investigates the motivation for and interests behind the baptism of slaves imported into late medieval Venice. It reviews Venetian slave sale records and reports left by mendicant missionaries and illustrates that baptism was less a matter of individual spiritual choice than a social practice perceived by the slave holders as an act of charity.
},
keywords = {christianity, italy, medieval history, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article investigates the motivation for and interests behind the baptism of slaves imported into late medieval Venice. It reviews Venetian slave sale records and reports left by mendicant missionaries and illustrates that baptism was less a matter of individual spiritual choice than a social practice perceived by the slave holders as an act of charity.
2014
Almagro-Vidal, Clara
Moros al Servicio de las Órdenes Militares en Castilla: Algunas Reflexiones Conference
Actas del XIII Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo Celebrado en Teruel, 4-5 septiembre de 2014, 2014.
Tags: medieval history, military, muslims, spain
@conference{nokey,
title = {Moros al Servicio de las Órdenes Militares en Castilla: Algunas Reflexiones},
author = {Clara Almagro-Vidal},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-05},
urldate = {2014-09-05},
booktitle = {Actas del XIII Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo Celebrado en Teruel, 4-5 septiembre de 2014},
pages = {191-200},
keywords = {medieval history, military, muslims, spain},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Guzowski, Piotr
The Role of Enforced Labour in the Economic Development of Church and Royal Estates in 15th and 16th-century Poland Book Chapter
In: Cavaciocchi, Simonetta (Ed.): Serfdom and Slavery in the European Economy 11th-18th centuries, pp. 216-234, 2014.
Abstract | Tags: early modern history, economic development, medieval history, poland, serfdom
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Role of Enforced Labour in the Economic Development of Church and Royal Estates in 15th and 16th-century Poland},
author = {Piotr Guzowski},
editor = {Simonetta Cavaciocchi},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Serfdom and Slavery in the European Economy 11th-18th centuries},
pages = {216-234},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of unfree labour, its origins and spreading, as an important element of Polish manorial economy, both at the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period, that is prior to and after large scale exportation of Polish grain via Baltic ports began.},
keywords = {early modern history, economic development, medieval history, poland, serfdom},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The aim of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of unfree labour, its origins and spreading, as an important element of Polish manorial economy, both at the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period, that is prior to and after large scale exportation of Polish grain via Baltic ports began.
Ivanović, Miloš
Razvitak vojne službe kao osnov formiranja vlasteoskog sloja u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi [Development of Military Service as Foundation for Creation of Nobility in Medieval Serbia] Journal Article
In: Vojnoistorijski glasnik [Military Historical Review], vol. 1, pp. 30-48, 2014.
Abstract | Tags: central and eastern europe, medieval history, military, serbia
@article{nokey,
title = {Razvitak vojne službe kao osnov formiranja vlasteoskog sloja u srpskoj srednjovekovnoj državi [Development of Military Service as Foundation for Creation of Nobility in Medieval Serbia]},
author = {Miloš Ivanović},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Vojnoistorijski glasnik [Military Historical Review]},
volume = {1},
pages = {30-48},
abstract = {Occasional submission of Serbian lands to Byzantine Empire or Bulgaria slow down creation of local elites. Process of political emancipation from Byzantine rule, which started in Doclea during 11th and its successful continuation in Raska during 12th century wouldn’t be feasible without existence of group of professional soldiers”. Confirmation could be found in writings of Byzantine writers as well in certain archeological sites. By the end of 12th century in Serbia appeared new type of soldier – armored cavalryman. Almost simultaneously appeared group of dependent inhabitants tied to land which was supposed to secure nobility with sufficient revenues. By the beginning of 13th century in hagiographies and charts beside nobility as separate social category appeared soldiers. Analyses of sources showed that both belonged to the class of warriors while nobility was entitled to higher titles and governing positions. In time, soldiers stop being separate social category and enter the ranks of nobility whose main obligation was warfare. By the mid-14th century this was confirmed by the Emperor Dusan Code. Thanks to its privileges nobility clearly differed from Vlachs among whom some were obliged to participate in war.
},
keywords = {central and eastern europe, medieval history, military, serbia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Occasional submission of Serbian lands to Byzantine Empire or Bulgaria slow down creation of local elites. Process of political emancipation from Byzantine rule, which started in Doclea during 11th and its successful continuation in Raska during 12th century wouldn’t be feasible without existence of group of professional soldiers”. Confirmation could be found in writings of Byzantine writers as well in certain archeological sites. By the end of 12th century in Serbia appeared new type of soldier – armored cavalryman. Almost simultaneously appeared group of dependent inhabitants tied to land which was supposed to secure nobility with sufficient revenues. By the beginning of 13th century in hagiographies and charts beside nobility as separate social category appeared soldiers. Analyses of sources showed that both belonged to the class of warriors while nobility was entitled to higher titles and governing positions. In time, soldiers stop being separate social category and enter the ranks of nobility whose main obligation was warfare. By the mid-14th century this was confirmed by the Emperor Dusan Code. Thanks to its privileges nobility clearly differed from Vlachs among whom some were obliged to participate in war.
Schiel, Juliane; Hanß, Stefan (Ed.)
Mediterranean Slavery Revisited (500-1800). Neue Perspektiven auf mediterrane Sklaverei (500–1800) Collection
2014.
Abstract | Tags: early modern history, historical semantics, medieval history, mediterranean, slavery
@collection{nokey,
title = {Mediterranean Slavery Revisited (500-1800). Neue Perspektiven auf mediterrane Sklaverei (500–1800)},
editor = {Juliane Schiel and Stefan Hanß},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
abstract = {This volume consists of 22 contributions own English, French, German or Italian language addressing the history of Mediterranean slavery from the medieval to the early modern period. The first section contains papers on the semantics, representations and depictions of slavery; the second section focuses on practices of slaving while the third section brings together papers with a transcultural or interdisciplinary approach.},
keywords = {early modern history, historical semantics, medieval history, mediterranean, slavery},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {collection}
}
This volume consists of 22 contributions own English, French, German or Italian language addressing the history of Mediterranean slavery from the medieval to the early modern period. The first section contains papers on the semantics, representations and depictions of slavery; the second section focuses on practices of slaving while the third section brings together papers with a transcultural or interdisciplinary approach.
2013
Guzowski, Piotr
The Peasant Land Market in Late Medieval and Early Modern Poland, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries Book Chapter
In: Béaur, Gerard (Ed.): Property Rights, Land Markets and Economic Growth in the European Countryside (13th–20th Centuries), pp. 219–237, 2013.
Abstract | Tags: agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, medieval history, poland, property relations
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The Peasant Land Market in Late Medieval and Early Modern Poland, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries},
author = {Piotr Guzowski},
editor = {Gerard Béaur et al.},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
urldate = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Property Rights, Land Markets and Economic Growth in the European Countryside (13th–20th Centuries)},
pages = {219–237},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether there was peasant land market in Poland in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period, how well developed it was, and what was its role in the peasant economy. The paper looks for evidence in the oldest Polish village court rolls.
},
keywords = {agrarian labour and rural history, central and eastern europe, early modern history, medieval history, poland, property relations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether there was peasant land market in Poland in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period, how well developed it was, and what was its role in the peasant economy. The paper looks for evidence in the oldest Polish village court rolls.
Spicksley, Judith
The decline of slavery for debt in Western Europe in the medieval period Book Chapter
In: Cavaciocchi, Simonetta (Ed.): Schiavitù e Servaggio nell’Economia Europea Secc. XI-XVIII [Serfdom and Slavery in the European Economy 11th–18th Centuries], pp. 465-86, 2013.
Abstract | Tags: christianity, medieval history, slavery, western europe
@inbook{nokey,
title = {The decline of slavery for debt in Western Europe in the medieval period},
author = {Judith Spicksley},
editor = {Simonetta Cavaciocchi},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Schiavitù e Servaggio nell’Economia Europea Secc. XI-XVIII [Serfdom and Slavery in the European Economy 11th–18th Centuries]},
pages = {465-86},
abstract = {This article examines the impact of secular and religious change on the legitimacy of enslavement for debt in medieval Europe.
},
keywords = {christianity, medieval history, slavery, western europe},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This article examines the impact of secular and religious change on the legitimacy of enslavement for debt in medieval Europe.